Heme/Lymph: Cancer Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents
- Transfers alkyl group to DNA leading to DNA crossing over and stops replication
- Arrest in the late G1 and early S phase
What are the mechanism of resistance against alkylating agents
- Increased glutathione
- Increased DNA repair mechanisms and enzymes
What are the adverse effects of alkylating agents
Blistering at the site of administration
What are the mechanisms of resistance of antimotabolites
- Inhibition of metabolism of into active metabolites
- Decreased formation of poly glutamate metabolites by folly polyglutaate synthase
What are the adverse effects of antimotabolites
- N/V
- GI toxicity
- Hand Foot syndrome (painful erythema and swelling of the hands and feet)
What are the adverse effects of vincristine
Neurotoxicity
What is the adverse effect of topotecan and irnotecan
Diarrhea
Which drug can cause the blue discoloration of the fingernails, sclera and urine
Anthracyclines particularly mitoxantrone
Which antitumor antibiotics can cause pulmonary toxicity
Bleomycin
What are the agents that are effected against ALL
- 6-mercaptopurine (purine antagonist)
- cyclophosphamide (bis amine)
- vincristine (Disrupts microtubles)
- Daunorubicin (inhibits topoisomerase 2)
What is the prophylaxis treatment for ALL
-Vincristine + prednisone + 1 other agent
What is the prophaliaxis treatment for CNS ALL
Methotrexate
What is the treatment for AML
Combination of:
- Cytarabine (most effective)
- Anthracycline (preferred is idarubicin)
What is the treatment for CML as the first line treatment
Imatinib
Which drugs were initially approved for those resistant to the first line treatment but can now be used to treat chronic CML
Dasatinib and nilotinib
