GI-Mechanisms of pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What makes Clostirdium difficile difficult to treat

A

Via the creation of a pseudomembrane that does not allow broad spectrum antibiotics

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2
Q

What are the toxins of C. difficile and what is the result of their toxin

A

Toxin A-enterotxin leading to diarrhea

Toxin B- Cytotoxin leading to cytotoxicity of colon cells

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3
Q

What are the presentations of C. Difficile infection

A
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramping
  • Fever
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4
Q

What is the appearance of the colon during the course of C. Difficile infection

A

Red inflamed mucosa with areas of white exudate (pseudomembrane) in the large intestine

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5
Q

What is the clinical outcome of infection with entamoeba histolytica

A
  • Portal blood circulation
  • Liver abscesses
  • Pulmonary abscesses and death
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6
Q

What is the state of invasion in Giardia lamblia

A

No invasion of intestinal wall

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7
Q

What is the state of the eggs in ascaris lumbricoides

A

Excreted in feces and live in soil

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8
Q

What is the state of eggs in strongyloides stercoralis

A

Are not passed in the stool

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9
Q

What portion of the life cycle is passed in strongyloides stercoralis

A

The actual hatched larvae are passed in the stool

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10
Q

For Schistosoma japonicum what is the geographic distribution

A

Eastern Asia

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11
Q

Wha this the location of residence for Schistosoma japonicum

A

Veins surrounding the intestinal tract

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12
Q

What are the eggs deposited for Schistosoma japonicum

A

Feces

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13
Q

What is the geographic distribution for Schistosoma mansoni

A

South America and africa

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14
Q

What is the location of residence for Schistosoma mansoni

A

Veins around the intestinal tract

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15
Q

Where are the eggs deposited in Schistosoma mansoni

A

Feces

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16
Q

What si the geographic distribution of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Africa

17
Q

What is the location of residence for Schistosoma haematobium

A

Veins around the bladder

18
Q

Where are the eggs deposited in Schistosoma haematobium

A

Urine

19
Q

What are the parasites included under the umbrella of nematodes

A
  • Necator americanus
  • Ancyclostoma duodenale
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Strongyloides
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Enterobius vermicularis
20
Q

Which parasites are considered to be hook worms

A
  • Necator americanus

- Ancylostoma duodenale

21
Q

Which parasite is considered to be a whip worm

A

Trichuris trichiura

22
Q

Which parasite is considered to be a pin worm

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

23
Q

Which parasites are considered to be blood flukes

A

Shistosoma spp

24
Q

Which parasite is considered to be a tape worm

A

Cestode

25
Q

What are the side effects of an infection with diphyllobothrium datum

A

Abdominal symptoms and anemia due to lack of vitamin B12