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Pharmacology & Drugs > GI- Antacids and Antiulcers > Flashcards

GI- Antacids and Antiulcers Flashcards

1
Q

Aluminum, calcium and magnesium based agents are considered what level of systemic levels

A

Low systemic

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2
Q

Sodium based agents are considered what levels of systemic agents

A

High systemic

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for antacids

A

Combine with already secreted hydrogen, but in no way affects the amount that is produced or secreted

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of calcium antacids

A

Rapid onset, long duration, with very good neutralizing ability

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of aluminum antacids

A

Slow onset, short duration and weak neutralizing

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of magnesium antacids

A

Rapid onset, long duration and good neutralizing ability

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of sodium antacids

A

Rapid onset, short duration, with fair neutralizing

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of simethicone

A

A surfactant that decreased surface tension and aids in expulsion of gas

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9
Q

What are the side effects of aluminum

A

Constipations and hypophosphatemia

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10
Q

What are the side effects of magnesium

A

Diarrhea and hypermagnesium

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11
Q

What are the side effects of calcium

A

Constipation, kidney stones, hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

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12
Q

Are antacids used in combination

A

yes

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13
Q

What is the protocol on administration of antacids and what is the reason

A

Lots of interactions, so taken 1-2 hours before all other medication and 2-4 hours after

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14
Q

What is the drug class of drugs ending in -tidine

A

H2 receptor antagonists

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15
Q

What is the drug class of drugs for drugs ending in -prazole

A

PPI

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16
Q

What class of drug is cimetidine

A

H2 antagonist

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17
Q

What class of drug is famotidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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18
Q

What class of drug is nizatidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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19
Q

What class of drug is ranitidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

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20
Q

What class of drug is lanzoprazole

A

PPI

21
Q

What class of drug is dexlansoprazole

A

PPI

22
Q

What class of drug is omeprazole

A

PPI

23
Q

What class of drug is esomeprazole

A

PPI

24
Q

What class of drug is pantoprazole

A

PPI

25
Q

What class of drug is Rabeprazole

A

PPI

26
Q

What class of drug is misoprostol

A

PGE1 analogs

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of histamine type 2 blockers

A

Inhibits the H2 receptors and decreases the production of acid production by 20-50%

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of histamine type 2 blockers

A

N/D/C

-Headaches

29
Q

Which serious side effect is seen in administration of cimetidine

A

Decreases testosterone binding, so gynecomastia in men, galactorrhea in women

30
Q

What enzymatic interaction does cimetidine have

A

Prototypical inhibator of CYP450s

31
Q

What are the contraindications to histamine type 2 blockers

A

Pregnancy

32
Q

Which histame type 2 blocker is the only one that can be given to pregnant women

A

Ranitidine

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PPIs

A

Inhibition on the potassium/hydrogen ATPase that puts acid in to the lumen of the stomach

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of PPI

A

Clostridium difficile assoacited diarrhea

35
Q

What is the enzymatic interaction of omeprazole

A

CYP450 inhibators

36
Q

What are the contraindications of PPI

A

Pregnant women

37
Q

Which PPI can be given to pregnant women

A

Lasnoprazole

38
Q

What is the mechanism of sucralfate

A

Creates a viscous coat that can cover an ulcer

39
Q

What are the complications of sucralfate

A

Severe renal failure due to the aluminum

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action for misoprostol

A

Prostaglandin analog that provides protection to mucosa and decreases gastric acid release a

41
Q

When is misoprostol used

A

Prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulceration

42
Q

What are the contraindications in mismatch compounds

A

Contains SAS, so look for allergy and Anticoagulant factors first

43
Q

What is the combination that is a must in the treatment of H. Pylori

A

At least 2 antibiotics with an acid reducer (PPI or H2 blocker)

44
Q

What is the triple therapy in the treatment of H pylori

A

PPI
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin or metronidazole

45
Q

What is the quadrupple therapy for H. Pylori

A

PPI
Metronidazole
Tetracyclines
Bismuth

46
Q

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with penicillin allergy

A

Substitute metronidazole

47
Q

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with metronidazole resistance

A

Tetracyclines

48
Q

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with clarithromycin resistance

A

Amoxicillin or tetracycline

49
Q

In a pregnant patient without H pylori but PUD, what is the treatment

A

Short course of antacids or sucralfate (mild case)
Ranitidine (moderate)
Lansoprazole (severe)

Pharmacology & Drugs (43 decks)

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