Heme/Lymph-Anemia and Hematopoietic growth factors Flashcards
What are the most common clinical presentations of anemia
-Fatigure, dizziness, pale skin, cold hands/feet, SOB, irregular heartbeat
What is the effect of NO during surgery on B12
Inactivates it
Which has a longer half life, epoetin Alfa or darbepoetin Alfa
Darbepoetin Alfa
What is the MOA for hydroxyurea
- used to treat sickle cell anemia
- targets ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in S phase cell arrest and increased levels of HbF
What is the MOA of eculizumab
A against C5 and inhibits splitting and formation of MAC
-Inhibits the thermal complement mediated lysis seen in PNH
Which precaution must be take before giving eculizumab
Meningococcal vaccine, because the lack of C5 will increase the risk
How does the sargramostim (GM-CSF) and filgrastim (G-CSF) differ on effect of action
- Sargramostim (GM-CSF) act in more locations with proliferation stimulation of every myeloid lineage
- Filgrastim (G-CSF) only acts to stimulate proliferation of basophils and neutrophils
Which form of G-CSF lasts longer, pegfilgrastim or filgrastim
Pegfilgrastim due to conj with monomethyl glycol (h/L of 15-80 hours)
Which drug can cause “fetal gasping syndrome”
Sargramostin
What are the adverse effects of oprelvekin
Aka IL-11
- Edema due to volume expansion
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- allergic reactions
- “bloodshot eyes”
Which adverse effects need to be watched with eltrombopag
Hepatotoxicity if used with interferon and ribavirin in patients with Hep-B
What are the drugs that commonly cause hemolytic anemia
- Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone and cefotetan)
- penicillins (piperacillin)
What are the drugs that commonly cause thrombocytopenia
- Heparin
- Quinidine and quinine
What are the drugs can cause aplastic anemia
- Cancer chemotherapies
- chloramphenicol
- benzene
What is a major side effect of the erythropoietin like drugs
Hypertension
