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🧠Psychology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify Division of Central Nervous system

A
  1. CNS split into two parts brain and spinal cord
  2. 🧠 recieves info and processes from senses eg visual cortex process visual info initiates response such as emotion/movement/higher mental functioning DM
  3. spinal cord sends messages to and from brain through relay neurones controls reflex response

moving 🤚🏼 from hot plate 🔥

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2
Q

Describe role of PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A
  1. sends and receives messages from CNS two 2 parts of 🧠
  2. ANS - controls INVOLUNTARY RESPONSES
  3. example breathing/controls smooth/ cardiac muscle and glands

> control centre are located in 🧠

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3
Q

How is ANS further divided

A
  1. sympathetic branch - fight/flight
  2. parasympathetic branch - conserve energy and restore body
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4
Q

What is the role of Somatic Nervous System

A
  1. SNS - controls voluntary movements

such as skeletal muscles 💀💪🏼

  1. SNS carries commands from motor cortex to the senses
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5
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

nervous system is a network of cells and is our primary internal communication system

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6
Q

What is the function of nervous system (2)

A
  1. To collect, process and respond to information in the environment ( our senses)
  2. To co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
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7
Q

Outline structure of CNS (4)

A
  1. Divided into brain and spinal cord
  2. Brain is responsible for higher mental processes eg decisions, 👂 , / generates emotion😁 and
    thoughts 💭 etc.
  3. Brain receives and processes information from the
    senses
  4. Spinal cord sends information to and from the brain + connects nerves to the PNS
  5. Spinal cord controls reflex actions such as moving hand away from hot plate
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8
Q

Describe and outline structure of first three parts of neurone strut

A
  1. Dendrites - NT’s receptors are found
    once receptor + NT bind causes new electrical impulse to occur
  2. Cell body - includes genetic material of cell
  3. Axon - sends nerve impulse through neurone to transmit messages to next neurone
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9
Q

Describe and outline last 3 parts of neurone structure

A
  1. Myelin sheath - protects axon and helps speed up transmission of message
  2. Nodes of Ranvier - speeds up transmissions jumps across gaps
  3. Terminal button - end of neurone send info to next neurone via release NT’s
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10
Q

What is the function and structure of sensory neurone?

A
  1. sends info from senses > 🧠 via PNS
    > receptors found in 👁👂👅
  2. long dendrites + short axons
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11
Q

What is function and structure of relay neurone?

A
  1. relay neurones carry nerve impulses bw neurones allowing sensory and motor neurones t communicate
  2. involves in analysing sensations from these neurones + deciding how to respond
  3. > NO MYELIN SHEATH
    SHORT AXON
    SHORT DENDRITE
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12
Q

what is function and structure of motor neurone?

A
  1. sends info via long axons from CNS 🧠 > effects > muscles/glands
  2. Long axons short dendrites
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13
Q

What is the location of sensory neurone

A
  1. PNS in clusters known as ganglia
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14
Q

What is location of relay neurone

A

🧠 and 👁 visual system

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15
Q

What is a NT?

A
  1. chemical messages within 🧠 that can have effect on next neurone
  2. effect could be excitatory/inhibitory
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16
Q

What is the function/role of NT?

A
  1. Transmit info from one neurone to another so I performs an action
    > eg movement has emotional response
17
Q

Where does process of Synaptic Transmission begin

First 3 marks

A
  1. Action potentials travel down pre-synaptic neurone
  2. causes NT’s (chemicals) only stored in VESICLES to be moves to membrane of pre-synaptic neurone and fuse w it releasing NT in synapse
  3. NT’s diffuse across synapse from high > low conc
18
Q

Where does Synaptic Transmission end

Final 3 marks

A
  1. NT’s attach to specific receptors only present post-synaptic neurone
    like 🔑 > 🔒
  2. ⚡️💬 continue in post - synaptic neurone and next neurone ready to fire impulse depending on NT is excitatory/inhibatory
  3. NT’s recycled in pre-synaptic neurone (reuptake)
19
Q

Explain why NT’s only travel in one direction at a synapse

A
  1. NT’s stored in vesicles ONLY LOCATED PRE-SYNAPTIC
    NEURONE to be released in synaptic cleft/gap
  2. NT’s diffuse across synapse and bind to specific receptor sites only present on POST SYNAPTIC NEURONE
  3. Diffusion can only happen from high > low conc

> therefore only travel from pre-synaptic to post synaptic

20
Q

Briefly outline how excitation and inhibitory is involved in synaptic transmission (4)

A
  1. NT excitatory/inhibitory - no mark
  2. if NT excitory then post-synaptic neurone more likely to fire ⚡️impulse
  3. if NT inhibitory then post synaptic neurone less likely to fire
  4. if two neurones synapse at same at same post-synaptic neurone then summation occurs
21
Q

Define term excitation and give eg of NT (3)

A
  1. makes a neurone more likely to fire and ⬆️🧠 activity CNS
  2. noradrenaline - increases alertness/arousal
22
Q

Define term inhibitory NT an give example (3)

A
  1. makes neurone less likely to fire and ⬇️🧠 in CNS
  2. serotonin - keeps mood stable + released to initiate sleep
23
Q

Define summation

A
  1. occurs when excitatory inhibitory influenced are added together
  2. Overall effect mainly inhibitory - charged inhibits likeliness neurone will fire an impulse
  3. overall effect mainly excitatory/+ charged fire impulse down post synaptic neurone
24
Q

what happens when inhibitory signal from one neurone is more stronger than another neurone?

A

Next neurone will not fire

25
Q

Zapurain acts as inhibitory NT

Explain how it might affect process of synaptic transmission

A
  1. binds to post-synaptic receptors > post synaptic cell becomes negatively charged
  2. this prevents/reduces liklihood post - synaptic cell will fire
  3. ⬇️🧠 in CNS therefore reducing feeling of pain
  4. excitatory + inhibitory influences added together
    if overall effect is mainly - zarupain ⬇️ liklihoodness neurone will fire an impulse down post-synaptic neurone

🧠Psychology (51 decks)

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