Depression Flashcards
outline behavioural characteristics of depression
1) change in activity levels 📉
lack of energy withdrawal from activities once enjoyed (anhedonia)
2) disruption to sleep 💤
reduce insomnia
increase hypersomnia
3) disruption eating behaviour 🍕
increased/decreased appetite
anorexia or obesity
outline the cognitive characteristics of depression
1) poor levels of concentration 🤨
hard to stick w a task intefere w individuals work
2) Negative Schema ☹️
ignore positives
3) black and white thinking ⬛️⬜️
unfortunate disasters as an absolute disaster
outline the emotional characteristics of depression
1) lowered mood ⬇️😐
feeling ‘sad’ ‘empty’ and ‘worthless’
2) experience anger 😡
towards others and the self
What is Beck’s (1976) negative triad?
- consistent negative thinking 💭 vulnerable to depression
1) the world 🌎 “world is a hard place”
2) the future “i will never achieve anything”
3) oneself 🪞 “i hate myself i am worthless”
1) Give RTS for Beck
P - Cohen
E - tracked development of 473 adolescents regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability
E- showing this predicted later depression in life
L - Therefore supports Becks appropriate explanation of depression
D - psychologists screen young ppl monitor them
2) Give another research to support for explaining depression
P - practical applications
E - D caused by negative and irrational thinking led to CBT
E - found to be effective identify and challenge irrational/negative thoughts to positive/rational
L - important in applied psych helps treat ppl in real 🌎
Give a weakness of cognitive approach to explaining depression
P - cause and effect can not be established within research
E - negative/irrational thoughts can be associated to D cannot be firmly concluded whether it causes depression
L - not seen as full explanation
Give an alternative explanation for depression
P - biological approach 🧬
E - D due to physical factors such as neurotransmitters eg ⬇️ serotonin causing low mood
L Therefore not the only explanation that should be considered
What is Ellis’ (1962) ABC model?
emphasises role of irrational thoughts that interfere with us being happy
A - activating event external event such as loss of job
B - trigger beliefs irrational beliefs musterbation 💯 utopianism (life should be fair)
C - consequences such as depression
What is the aim Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
aim - Client and therapist work together identify irrational/negative thoughts cause depression challenged into rational/positive thinking put more effective behaviours in place
What is empirical disputing
therapist will ask for evidence eg 📔 give hwk
> record whenever someone is nice to them
therapist challenges their beliefs and prove them wrong ❌
What is behavioural activation?
encouraging depressed individual to be more active like engaging activities once enjoyed
> improve persons mood 😁
⬇️❌💭 negative thoughts
client becomes more independent gain control over depressive thoughts
Give RTS for CBT
P - effectiveness of CBT comes from March (2007)
E - 86% adolescents improved CBT + drug therapy and 81% after CBT
E - challenging irrational/negative thoughts ⬇️ depressive symptoms
L - popular choice of treatment for NHS🏥
H - Luborsky found small diff in diff treatments opportunity to talk to someone can be what matters most
1) Give a limitation of CBT
P - requires motivation and commitment to attend sessions over time
E - keeping a 📔 ppl w D lack motivation ⬇️ effectiveness of CBT
E - more effective combined w anti depressants 💊
L - drugs reduce symptoms and client more motivated hence increased % effectiveness in March’s research
2) give another potential limitation of CBT
P - focus on clients present and future rather than past
E - clients may be aware of link between childhood and past experiences current depression may wanna talk abt past experiences
L - frustrating ⬇️ effectiveness as CBT as a treatment for depression
