Behaviour change to addictive behaviour

Question 1

What is intro to theory of planned bh

Answer 1

The theory of planned behaviour (Aizen) describes how a set of 3 interacting beliefs can infuence a person’s intention to change and therefore whether the therapy will be effective or not

Question 2

What is attitudes ?

Answer 2

If any individual has more - attitudes towards their A than + then t are less likely to intend to do to the addictive bh e.g. gamble, less likely to actually gamble and therefore more likely to change their addictive behaviour.

Question 3

What is subjective norms ?

Answer 3

If A person believes If any I has more negative attitudes towards their A than positive then are less likely to intend to do to the addictive behaviour e.g. gamble, less likely to actually gamble and therefore more likely to change their addictive behaviour.

Question 4

What is control?

Answer 4

how much control (self efficacy) a person feels they have over their own behaviour and ability to change influences their intention.

This is based on:
Internal factors e.g. how determined they are
External factors e.g. support and time
Past experience e.g. if they have successfully given up before

Question 5

What is the most important part of model

Answer 5

This is the most important part of the model as without the control (will-power) a person is still vulnerable to addiction.

All 3 interacting components need to be present to influence a person’s intentions to stop their addiction.
If one component is missing they will not have an intention to stop so therapy will not be offered.

Question 6

Whats RTS for TOP

Answer 6

P - the US Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) who launched a campaign to ⬇️ marijuana use in teenagers.

E - The campaign focused on creating a different attitude towards marijuana by explaining to the teenagers that using this drug would make you less independent and less likely to achieve your aspirations.

E - The campaign was effective because it reduced marijuana use among adolescents and reduced positive marijuana attitudes and beliefs in an at-risk population.

L - This suggests that attitudes have an important influence on behavioural intentions, supporting the TPB as a theory of behaviour change.

Question 7

What is strength of TOPB?

Answer 7

P - PRAC APPS

E - bc the principles of TPB can be used to predict who therapy is most likely to be successful eg if person missing one of the components e.g. attitudes they will not have intention to change and so will not be offered therapy. This will help the NHS prioritise their limited resources on individuals with high intention to change and ⬇️ waiting times for therapy.

L - Therefore, TPB is an important area of applied psychology.

Question 8

What is a weakness of TOPB

Answer 8

P - result of rational decisions

E - in R ppts asked about their intentions and attitudes toward the addictive bh

E - atp may be thinking more rationally however in moment when I faced with their A and deciding about whether to do the addictive bh or not, emotions, stress (e.g. triggers for cravings) and cognitive biases may make them make irrational choices which TPB does not account for.

L - TPB is based on rational thoughts which may ultimately not be reflected in actual behaviour.

Question 9

What is intro to Prochaskas 6 Stage Model of Bh change

Answer 9

The model explains the process involved in behavioural change that can be used to explain how individuals overcome an addiction.

model has a cyclical nature, and takes a + and dynamic approach, to changing addictive behaviour as opposed to an all or nothing approach.

The model recognises that people differ in how ready the are to give us their A and how useful a treatment intervention will be depends on which stage the individual is at.

Question 10

Pre - contemplation is first stage Outline this Stage

Answer 10

Individual does not consider themselves as having a problem and isn’t thinking abt changing bh even though they know its not healthy

> cud be due to denial/demotivation

‘I am ok right now’

Question 11

Second stage is contemplation Outline this stage

Answer 11

Individual is now thinking about changing their behavior and have an awareness that they need to
Take action.

They are aware of the costs (e.g. less enjoyment) ⬇️🥳 and benefits (e.g. health) to changing.

‘I will change tomorrow’

Question 12

Outline third stage Preparation

Answer 12

This stage where the person belives the benefits of changing behaviour are outweighing the costs.

benefits > costs

They decide to change within the next month but maybe not exactly what they will do to change.

Question 13

Outline 4th stage Action

Answer 13

This is when the plan is put into action. Usually at this stage, the I has done something to change their bh in the last six months e.g. behavioural or cognitive therapies or pour away alcohol 🍷 and is continuing with their behavior change.

‘I have stopped’

Question 14

Outline 5th Stage Maintenance

Answer 14

I maintained some change of bh more than 6 months

focus on relapse prevention such as avoiding situations where cues might trigger A

stage can be lengthy and I needs to keep focused on long term goal of termination

‘stay on track’

Question 15

Outline 6th stage Termination

Answer 15

• Newly acquired bh such as absitence becomes automatic
• I no longer turns to addictive to
  cope w stress , anxiety
  confident in their ability to resist bh

-final stage may not be possible for all to achieve

• for some most appr goal is to prolong maintenance for as long as they can
  accepting relapse may be inevitable
  prov w skills to work thru earlier stages of process quickly

‘I will never do it again’

Question 16

Whats RTS P6M

Answer 16

P - stages of chance not well differentiated

E - Pa Kraft (1999) argue that 6 stages reduced just to two useful stages

E - pre contemplation plus the others grouped together, as the person is thinking about change in all of these later stages but not in the first.

This has important implications as each stage in Prochaska’s model is matched with a specific intervention. L - limit Prochaska’s usefulness as a model of behaviour change and for treatment recommendations.

Question 17

How can P6M be praised/stregnth

Answer 17

P - takes positive view of relapse. The six stage model does not view relapse as a failure, but as an inevitable part of the dynamic, un-linear process of behaviour change.

E - Although, relapse is more than a ‘slip’ the model takes it seriously and does not underestimate its potential to knock an addict off the course of recovery.

L - This means the six stage model of behaviour change is more acceptable as a result of its positive outlook on relapse.

Question 18

Give a weakness of P6M?

Answer 18

P - Finally, much of the research in to Prochaska’s six-stage model is based on self-report methods (questionnaire and interviews) which could lead to social desirability.

E - Prochaska based this model on nicotine addicts and the changes in their thinking when giving up, they could have lied about how logical their thought processes were when giving up to present themselves in the best possible light.

L - Therefore, this ⬇️ the IV of the R into Prochaska’s six-stage model of behaviour change.

Question 19

According to this model…..

Answer 19

Relapse is not considered as failure to changing addictive bh and can occur at any time (apart from TERMINATION stage)

where the individual will simply return to earlier stages such as contemplation and preparation.