Biological Rhythms Flashcards
why is biological rhythms important ?
- important influence on way which body systems behave
- all biological systems controlled by pacemakers which is the internal body clock
What are biological rhythms influenced by?
Exogenous Zeitbgebers = external changes in environment
Outline the difference between all three rhthyms
U - > 24 hours eg stages of sleep
C - lasts 24 hrs eg sleep wake cycle
I - cycle lasts < 24 hrs eg female menstrual cycle operates 28 day cycle
Outline one example of a circadian rhythm
- sleep wake cycle controlled by master endogenous pacemaker SCN
- 👁️ notice change in 💡 as it gets dark less light received by retina
- sends info to SCN stimulates pineal gland -> melatonin
- 👀 detect 💡 exzt SCN reset maintains sleep wake cycle for around 24 hrs can be in syncrony w the outside world
Give RTS for circadian rhthms
P - Siffre
E - isolated himself cave for 6 mnths
biological clock free running no exogenous factors affected ⏱️ 💡
E - dv consistent cycle of 25 hrs contined to fall 😴 wakeup at same time
L - mainly controlled by SCN
D - some argue lasted longer than 24 hrs exogenous factors important in maintaining cird rhytm
Whats CA to siffre
P - low pop val
E - conducted case study w siffre only ppt may not be appr to GF on SWC to beyond siffre due to Indv Diff in SWC and CR
L - 👴 ppl CR slower and more easily influenced by exg zeit even in one of his replications own CR slowed
⬇️ Ext val of R into CR
whats strength of R into circadian rhythms
P - PRAC APPS
E - basic principles theory circ rhythm 24 hrs maintained endg pacemakers given R’s better understanding of - conseq
E - night workers 🌚👷 more period of reduced conc arnd 6 am = mistakes more likely
L - used by employers to manage work productivity conseq improves econ
important applied psych
Whats intro to infradian rhythms
- biological rhythms that last longer than 24 hrs
- example is female menstrual cycle oprrs 28 day cycle
Outline example of infradian rhythm endogenous system
- menstrual cycle lasts 28-35 days
- first day of womens period womb lining shed day before next period
- 🧠 pituiaty gland > FSH activates released oestrogen > ovaries causing egg to mature
- oestrogen dvs lining of womb progesterone = grow thicker
- preg ❌ occur 🥚 absorbed in body womb lining comes away cycle begins again
- mestrual cycle can be affected by exog factors such as stress/pheromones
Give RTC infradian rthyms
P - RTC infradian rhyms such as menstrual cycle governed by endog system conducted by Russel
E - sample of 🙋🏻♀️ wear cotton pads under 💪🏼 then rubbed pads upper 🫦 5 sex inactive women process repeated 5 months
4/5 women dvs mestrual cycle synchronised w one day of donor cycle
L - can be affected by exg factors aswell controller by endogenous factors may influence length of IR
How can we discuss Russels R’s effect of exogenous zeitbergers
P - field exp
E - low control over extra v R took park in natural env
E - other exg factors such as changes in 🥗 and stress 😓 affected IR
L - diff establish cause and effect bw influences of pheromones on maintaining infradian rhythm
weaknes extent of russels R contradict importance endog pacemakers on maintaining IR
Give a strength into R
P - despite methodological flaws in Infradian synchronisation R findings can be explained by evol psychs
E - wud have been advtg in our evolutionary past for social group to synchronise pregnancies so many 🙋🏻♀️ could be breast 🍼 at same time one mother take over caring orphaned child
L - improve chances of survival syncrhinisation of IR such as mestrual cycle adaptive strat supports exg factors influencing IR
Define the term ultradian rythm
- biological rhythm that occurs more freq than once every 24 hrs (shorter than 24 hrs)
one type of stages of sleep
How long does ultradian rythm last?
- 90 mins
- 5 stages of sleep alternates bw REM sleep and NREM sleep
example body is paralysed - known as sleep escalator/staircase person can exp 5 cycles per night repeat in rhythmic pattern
Describe stage 1 and 2 sleep stage
- light sleep stage person easily woken
- stage 1 = experience alpha waves
- stage 2 = alpha waves continue occasional random changes in pattern called sleep spindles (high freq protect 🧠 from awakening)
Describe stage 3 and 4
- Deep Sleep NREM
- brain waves are delta waves lower ⬇️freq + higher amplitude
- diff wake someone up at this point
Describe Stage 5 Sleep
- body paralysed
- 🧠 activity closely resembles that awake of 🧠
- 🧠 = theta waves eyes occasionally move around this called REM
- dreams often experienced in this stage may also occur in deep sleep
Give a stregnth of R ultradian rhytms
P - PRAC APPS in understanding age related changes in sleep
E - knowledge that growth hormone produced during stage 4 (slow wave sleep) associated w 💤 deficit in old age as R found 👴 experience less stage 4 sleep
L - medication and relaxation techs dvd to ⬆️ stage 4 💤 in older I’s prevent some issues w old age such as reduced alertness
important in applied psych
Give second strength into UR
P - Scientific Methods
E - based on objective and empirical techs such as EEG’s to measure 🧠 activity controlled in lab settings
E - scientifically measure activity of 🧠 throughout 5 stages of sleep to identify length of rythm how many times rhytm occurs
L - increases psychs overall status and internal val of R
How can we discuss R into ultradian rhythms
P - however R low eco val
E - conducted on artificial setting so sleep exp by ppts in these studies may not reflect genuine sleep patterns
due to-unfamiliar surroundings > attached to electrodes
L - may alter length of UR diff GF to explain how ultradian rhythms
Define enodgenous pacemakers
- internal factors which help us maintain our biological rythms
- also thought that our rhythms entrained (synchronised) by exog zeitgebers such as 💡 and 🥘 times
What are exogenous factors
- external factors which are in our env can influence SWC through
- entertainment such as 💡 resets SCN suggesting SWC not only influenced by endogenous pacemakers
What social cues affect SWC
- meal times and social interaction
- make us less alert once we have finished our evening meal
- R suggests adapting to local eating and sleepting times before travelling diff time zones prevent jet lag
- exg zeingebers do affect SWC
