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NAVLE - Zuku & other material > NAVLE - O.O.O's Review 20 > Flashcards

NAVLE - O.O.O's Review 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is most common
Dx: Contrast radiographs, abdominal Ultrasound, cytology
Rx: surgical resection, cisplatin, carboplatin, mitoxantrone

A

Bladder neoplasia

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2
Q

Sign: Shoulder (usually large breeds 4-8 months) get lame after exercise or shoulder extension
Dx: Lesion appears as a flattened or saucer-like “divot” in the subchondral bone
Rx: Arthroscopy
Prognosis: Shoulder is good, hock is guarded

A

Osteochondrosis

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3
Q

History includes previous orthopedic surgery, trauma, chronic dental disease, injury to the toes, or travel to endemic fungal region. Lameness, fever, muscle atrophy, and pain on palpation. Swelling, heat, pain, or draining tracts may be
seen

Dx: Hematology, imaging, lab
Rx: Antibiotics, drain, narcotics, ampicillin, amikacin, enrofloxacin

A

Osteomyelitis

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4
Q

Sign: Pruritus
Dx: Skin scrapping, superficial/ deep
Rx: Ivermectin, Fipronil, Lime sulfur

A

Chorioptic mange (leg mange)

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5
Q

Sign: Hair loss around the face and eyes. Not contagious
Dx: Skin scrapping reveals cigar shaped mites

A

Demodex

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6
Q

Extremely pruritic

A

Sarcoptic mange

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7
Q

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

A

Pyoderma

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8
Q

Sign: Tongue is most common site in cats, Tonsil is most common site in dogs, white cats on ear tips and nose, drooling, halitosis, and dysphagia, anorexia
Dx: CBC, radiograph, MRI, CT scan
Rx: Surgical excision

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

Sign: Large breed, 3-7 YO, Pain on palpation or extension of the lumbosacral joint. Difficulty using the pelvic limbs, pelvic limb lameness, tail weakness, and incontinence.
Dx: Radiograph, MRI, CT
Rx: Epidural injection of methylprednisolone acetate, laminectomy

A

Cauda equine syndrome

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10
Q

Sign: Insidious onset of non painful ataxia and weakness of the pelvic limbs. Non inflammatory degeneration of axons in the white matter of the spinal cord
Dx: Myelography or MRI and CSF analysis
Rx: Glucocorticoids

A

Degenerative Myelopathy

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11
Q

Slowly progressive ataxia and paresis. The most common sites of disk herniation are the cervical and thoracolumbar regions

A

Intervertebral Disk Disease

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12
Q

Back pain evident as kyphosis and reluctance to move

A

Cervical disk herniation thoracolumbar disk herniation

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13
Q

Sign: Cervical pain and tetraparesis
Dx: CSF usually has increased protein and pleocytosis, with either mononuclear cells or neutrophils predominating.
Rx: Radiation therapy and immunomodulatory drugs

A

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis

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14
Q

Sign: Fever, neck pain and rigidity, and painful muscle spasms, blindness, partial paralysis of the face or the limbs, loss of balance
Dx: analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from a spinal tap
Rx: corticosteroids

A

Meningitis

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15
Q

Sign: Change or loss of voice, lack of coordination of the hind legs.
Dx: The presence of a tick along with the sudden (within 12 to 24 hours) appearance of leg weakness and/or difficulty breathing is diagnostic.
Rx: Canine tick hyperimmune serum, also called tick antiserum (TAS

A

Tick paralysis

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16
Q

Congenital and hereditary, associated with white pigmentation. Associated with white pigmentation and blue eyes.

A

Deafness

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17
Q

Sign: PU, PD, kidney or flank pain, fever, malaise, and sometimes vomiting
Dx: Urinalysis shows proteinuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and/or hematuria. WBC casts may be present in fresh urine sediment. abdominal ultrasonography and IV pyelography
Rx: Broad-spectrum antibiotics - amoxicillin

A

Pyelonephritis

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18
Q

Sign: Pollakiuria, stranguria, and hematuria; abdominal pain may be marked
Dx: urography or abdominal ultrasonography, ECG – Tall T waves
Rx: Surgery

A

Urethral obstruction

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19
Q

Sign: Cauliflower-like, pedunculated, nodular, papillary, or multilobulated in an appearance on genitalia
Rx: Chemotherapy - Vincristine

A

TVT

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20
Q

Sign: Discharge from the vulva, may occur before puberty or in mature dogs. It is especially common in puppies.
Dx: Physical examination, endoscopy, x-rays, ultrasonography, and laboratory tests.

A

Vaginitis

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21
Q

Sign: Dry, harsh lung sounds, proliferative granulomas and subcutaneous abscesses. ***Draining cutaneous nodules and signs of respiratory disease
Dx: Biopsy of tissue or aspirated specimens, thick-walled yeast
Rx: Itraconazole

A

Blastomycosis

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22
Q

mobile, soft, well-circumscribed, subcutaneous sternal masses

A

Lipoma

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23
Q

,

Vomiting, anorexia, and increased amount of plication of the small intestines

A

String foreign body

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24
Q

Crusting and hyperkeratosis around the eyes, nose, and mouth. A skin scraping did not identify an etiology.

A

Zinc responsive dermatopathy

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25
Q

Sign: Thunderstorm and fireworks phobia
Rx: Alprazolam or Diazepam 1 hour before problematic event

A

Anxiety disorder

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26
Q

Taurine deficiency in Cats

A

DCM

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27
Q

History of hematuria with clots

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

28
Q

Flaccid jaw paralysis. The dog is unable to close her mouth, has difficulty eating and is drooling. There is no history of trauma.

A

Trigeminal neuritis

29
Q

Muffled heart sound, electrical alternans, low R-wave, rounded, globoid cardiac silhouette, R.4-6th rib

A

Pericardial effusion

30
Q

Sign: Vomiting, tense abdomen with gassy enlarged loops of bowel and a firm linear structure.
Dx: ultrasound
Rx: Surgery

A

Foreign body

31
Q

Sign: Firm swelling over the nose
Dx: Narrow, budding, thin-walled yeasts
Rx: Itraconazole

A

Cryptococcus

32
Q

Respiratory distress with open-mouth breathing

A

Left-sided congestive heart failure

33
Q

“Drink and pee a lot. Disorientation, weakness, and “stumbling around.”

A

Portosystemic vascular shunt

34
Q

Oocysts are not infective until they sporulate. This process takes > 24 hours, so emptying the litter box daily is advised

A

Toxoplasmosis

35
Q

Systolic, ejection type (crescendo-decrescendo) heart murmur which may be heard most on L. 2-5th IC

A

Aortic stenosis

36
Q

cardiac silhouette indistinct

A

Pleural effusion

37
Q

Sign: Bright green vomit Vitamin
Dx: K1 administration for 4-6 weeks.

A

Brodifacoum (Vit k antagonist)

38
Q

Characterized by schistocytes

A

DIC

39
Q

History of trauma, Dyspnoea plus GIT sounds auscultated in chest

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

40
Q

History of trauma, forelimb extensor rigidity and hindlimb flaccid paralysis, Interruption of inhibitory neuron input from lumbar spinal cord

A

Schiff-Sherrington syndrome

41
Q

Many p waves, few QRS complexes

A

Third degree atrioventricular block

42
Q

Ataxia/ loss of conscious proprioception in all four limbs and neck pain

A

Atlantoaxial instability

43
Q

Head trauma is suspected, Breathes fast and deep for 5-6 breaths, then more slowly and shallowly, then is apneic for 10 seconds. The pattern repeats over and over.

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

44
Q

Left sympathetic innervation to the eye

A

Horner’s Syndrome involving left eye

45
Q

Most useful to you in planning the timing of breeding

A

Serial progesterone testing

46
Q

Lateral digit is swollen and the nail is deviated ventrally, with ulceration of the nail bed. A lytic bone lesion

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

47
Q

Thoracic limb had decreased tone, pelvic limbs had hyper-reflective reflexes

A

C6-T2 lesion

48
Q

Licking the anal area and scooting plus numerous ulcerated tracts in the perianal area that are draining purulent fluid.

A

Perianal fistula

49
Q

Non-productive retching, severe abdominal pain

A

Mesenteric volvulus

50
Q

upper motor neuron signs in the thoracic and pelvic limbs

A

C1-C5 lesion

51
Q

upper motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs.

A

T3-L3 lesion

52
Q

normal thoracic limbs and lower motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs

A

L4-S3

53
Q

eyelid, lip, or ear and dryness of the eyes and mouth.

A

CN7

54
Q

Dysphagia, dyphonia, and stridor

A

CN10

55
Q

Most common cause of Horner’s syndrome

A

Idiopathic

56
Q

Sign: Small, lumpy bumpy kidneys. Single most common cause of significant hypokalaemia in cats.
Dx : Hypokalemia, hyperphosphatemia, anemia, Azotemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism
Rx: Appetite stimulants, Anti-emetics, Fluids, K+ supplementation

A

Chronic kidney disease

57
Q

Sign: Young, history of bites, fight, grooming, weight loss, fever, lethargy, anorexia. Anterior uveitis + hyphema
Dx: Anemia (non-regenerative), leukopenia, neutropenia thrombocytopenia, IFA - To confirm a positive ELISA Test.
Prev./Rx: Separation from seronegative cats, prednisolone

A

FELV

58
Q

Sign: Anterior uveitis, Pupil will have a “reverse D shape” +/- glaucoma Anemia (non-regenerative), leukopenia, neutropenia
thrombocytopenia

Dx: ELISA on serum, Western blot - To confirm a positive ELISA Test

A

FIV

59
Q

Sign: Obese, anorexia, jaundice, Constipation or Diarrhea and Cervical ventroflexion, hepatoencephalopathy - will see drooling
Dx: ALP, Increase total bilirubin
Rx: nutritional support (lower protein), supportive care (Esophagostomy tube feeding), Avoid glucocorticoids

A

Hepatic lipidosis

60
Q

Predisposes cats to hypertension. Rx. Calcitriol

A

CKD

61
Q

Sign: Middle-aged to older cat, Weight loss with an increased appetite, Murmur/tachycardia/arrhythmia, Palpable thyroid nodules Dx – Total T4
Dx: Euthyroid sickness – Free T4 test
Rx: Gold standard rx - I-131, Others - Methimazole

A

hyperthyroidism

62
Q

Diabetes mellitus, Cardiomyopathy, Renal disease

A

Associated with acromegaly

63
Q

Cervical ventroflexion (Generalized weakness)

A

Low potassium

64
Q
  • Resolution of clinical signs after beginning insulin treatment. Clinical diabetes mellitus may or may not recur in the future.
A

Diabetic remission (Transient diabetes)

65
Q

Rhodococcus equi. Rx

A

Erythromycin, rifampin

66
Q

Rx for Gigardia

A

fenbendazole or metronidazole.

67
Q

thoracic limb lameness that is aggravated by exercise

A

Osteochondrosis

NAVLE - Zuku & other material (20 decks)

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