NAVLE - O.O.O's Review 20 Flashcards by Femi O

Transitional cell carcinoma is most common
Dx: Contrast radiographs, abdominal Ultrasound, cytology
Rx: surgical resection, cisplatin, carboplatin, mitoxantrone

Bladder neoplasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Shoulder (usually large breeds 4-8 months) get lame after exercise or shoulder extension
Dx: Lesion appears as a flattened or saucer-like “divot” in the subchondral bone
Rx: Arthroscopy
Prognosis: Shoulder is good, hock is guarded

Osteochondrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

History includes previous orthopedic surgery, trauma, chronic dental disease, injury to the toes, or travel to endemic fungal region. Lameness, fever, muscle atrophy, and pain on palpation. Swelling, heat, pain, or draining tracts may be
seen

Dx: Hematology, imaging, lab
Rx: Antibiotics, drain, narcotics, ampicillin, amikacin, enrofloxacin

Osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Pruritus
Dx: Skin scrapping, superficial/ deep
Rx: Ivermectin, Fipronil, Lime sulfur

Chorioptic mange (leg mange)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Hair loss around the face and eyes. Not contagious
Dx: Skin scrapping reveals cigar shaped mites

Demodex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extremely pruritic

Sarcoptic mange

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Pyoderma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Tongue is most common site in cats, Tonsil is most common site in dogs, white cats on ear tips and nose, drooling, halitosis, and dysphagia, anorexia
Dx: CBC, radiograph, MRI, CT scan
Rx: Surgical excision

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Large breed, 3-7 YO, Pain on palpation or extension of the lumbosacral joint. Difficulty using the pelvic limbs, pelvic limb lameness, tail weakness, and incontinence.
Dx: Radiograph, MRI, CT
Rx: Epidural injection of methylprednisolone acetate, laminectomy

Cauda equine syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Insidious onset of non painful ataxia and weakness of the pelvic limbs. Non inflammatory degeneration of axons in the white matter of the spinal cord
Dx: Myelography or MRI and CSF analysis
Rx: Glucocorticoids

Degenerative Myelopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Slowly progressive ataxia and paresis. The most common sites of disk herniation are the cervical and thoracolumbar regions

Intervertebral Disk Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Back pain evident as kyphosis and reluctance to move

Cervical disk herniation thoracolumbar disk herniation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Cervical pain and tetraparesis
Dx: CSF usually has increased protein and pleocytosis, with either mononuclear cells or neutrophils predominating.
Rx: Radiation therapy and immunomodulatory drugs

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Fever, neck pain and rigidity, and painful muscle spasms, blindness, partial paralysis of the face or the limbs, loss of balance
Dx: analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from a spinal tap
Rx: corticosteroids

Meningitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Change or loss of voice, lack of coordination of the hind legs.
Dx: The presence of a tick along with the sudden (within 12 to 24 hours) appearance of leg weakness and/or difficulty breathing is diagnostic.
Rx: Canine tick hyperimmune serum, also called tick antiserum (TAS

Tick paralysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Congenital and hereditary, associated with white pigmentation. Associated with white pigmentation and blue eyes.

Deafness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: PU, PD, kidney or flank pain, fever, malaise, and sometimes vomiting
Dx: Urinalysis shows proteinuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and/or hematuria. WBC casts may be present in fresh urine sediment. abdominal ultrasonography and IV pyelography
Rx: Broad-spectrum antibiotics - amoxicillin

Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Pollakiuria, stranguria, and hematuria; abdominal pain may be marked
Dx: urography or abdominal ultrasonography, ECG – Tall T waves
Rx: Surgery

Urethral obstruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Cauliflower-like, pedunculated, nodular, papillary, or multilobulated in an appearance on genitalia
Rx: Chemotherapy - Vincristine

TVT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Discharge from the vulva, may occur before puberty or in mature dogs. It is especially common in puppies.
Dx: Physical examination, endoscopy, x-rays, ultrasonography, and laboratory tests.

Vaginitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Dry, harsh lung sounds, proliferative granulomas and subcutaneous abscesses. ***Draining cutaneous nodules and signs of respiratory disease
Dx: Biopsy of tissue or aspirated specimens, thick-walled yeast
Rx: Itraconazole

Blastomycosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mobile, soft, well-circumscribed, subcutaneous sternal masses

Lipoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vomiting, anorexia, and increased amount of plication of the small intestines

String foreign body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Crusting and hyperkeratosis around the eyes, nose, and mouth. A skin scraping did not identify an etiology.

Zinc responsive dermatopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sign: Thunderstorm and fireworks phobia Rx: Alprazolam or Diazepam 1 hour before problematic event

Anxiety disorder

Taurine deficiency in Cats

DCM

History of hematuria with clots

Transitional cell carcinoma

Flaccid jaw paralysis. The dog is unable to close her mouth, has difficulty eating and is drooling. There is no history of trauma.

Trigeminal neuritis

Muffled heart sound, electrical alternans, low R-wave, rounded, globoid cardiac silhouette, R.4-6th rib

Pericardial effusion

Sign: Vomiting, tense abdomen with gassy enlarged loops of bowel and a firm linear structure. Dx: ultrasound Rx: Surgery

Foreign body

Sign: Firm swelling over the nose Dx: Narrow, budding, thin-walled yeasts Rx: Itraconazole

Cryptococcus

Respiratory distress with open-mouth breathing

Left-sided congestive heart failure

"Drink and pee a lot. Disorientation, weakness, and "stumbling around."

Portosystemic vascular shunt

Oocysts are not infective until they sporulate. This process takes > 24 hours, so emptying the litter box daily is advised

Toxoplasmosis

Systolic, ejection type (crescendo-decrescendo) heart murmur which may be heard most on L. 2-5th IC

Aortic stenosis

cardiac silhouette indistinct

Pleural effusion

Sign: Bright green vomit Vitamin Dx: K1 administration for 4-6 weeks.

Brodifacoum (Vit k antagonist)

Characterized by schistocytes

DIC

History of trauma, Dyspnoea plus GIT sounds auscultated in chest

Diaphragmatic hernia

History of trauma, forelimb extensor rigidity and hindlimb flaccid paralysis, Interruption of inhibitory neuron input from lumbar spinal cord

Schiff-Sherrington syndrome

Many p waves, few QRS complexes

Third degree atrioventricular block

Ataxia/ loss of conscious proprioception in all four limbs and neck pain

Atlantoaxial instability

Head trauma is suspected, Breathes fast and deep for 5-6 breaths, then more slowly and shallowly, then is apneic for 10 seconds. The pattern repeats over and over.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Left sympathetic innervation to the eye

Horner's Syndrome involving left eye

Most useful to you in planning the timing of breeding

Serial progesterone testing

Lateral digit is swollen and the nail is deviated ventrally, with ulceration of the nail bed. A lytic bone lesion

Squamous cell carcinoma

Thoracic limb had decreased tone, pelvic limbs had hyper-reflective reflexes

C6-T2 lesion

Licking the anal area and scooting plus numerous ulcerated tracts in the perianal area that are draining purulent fluid.

Perianal fistula

Non-productive retching, severe abdominal pain

Mesenteric volvulus

upper motor neuron signs in the thoracic and pelvic limbs

C1-C5 lesion

upper motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs.

T3-L3 lesion

normal thoracic limbs and lower motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs

L4-S3

eyelid, lip, or ear and dryness of the eyes and mouth.

CN7

Dysphagia, dyphonia, and stridor

CN10

Most common cause of Horner's syndrome

Idiopathic

Sign: Small, lumpy bumpy kidneys. Single most common cause of significant hypokalaemia in cats. Dx : Hypokalemia, hyperphosphatemia, anemia, Azotemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism Rx: Appetite stimulants, Anti-emetics, Fluids, K+ supplementation

Chronic kidney disease

Sign: Young, history of bites, fight, grooming, weight loss, fever, lethargy, anorexia. Anterior uveitis + hyphema Dx: Anemia (non-regenerative), leukopenia, neutropenia thrombocytopenia, IFA - To confirm a positive ELISA Test. Prev./Rx: Separation from seronegative cats, prednisolone

FELV

Sign: Anterior uveitis, Pupil will have a "reverse D shape" +/- glaucoma Anemia (non-regenerative), leukopenia, neutropenia thrombocytopenia Dx: ELISA on serum, Western blot - To confirm a positive ELISA Test

FIV

Sign: Obese, anorexia, jaundice, Constipation or Diarrhea and Cervical ventroflexion, hepatoencephalopathy - will see drooling Dx: ALP, Increase total bilirubin Rx: nutritional support (lower protein), supportive care (Esophagostomy tube feeding), Avoid glucocorticoids

Hepatic lipidosis

Predisposes cats to hypertension. Rx. Calcitriol

CKD

Sign: Middle-aged to older cat, Weight loss with an increased appetite, Murmur/tachycardia/arrhythmia, Palpable thyroid nodules Dx – Total T4 Dx: Euthyroid sickness – Free T4 test Rx: Gold standard rx - I-131, Others - Methimazole

hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus, Cardiomyopathy, Renal disease

Associated with acromegaly

Cervical ventroflexion (Generalized weakness)

Low potassium

- Resolution of clinical signs after beginning insulin treatment. Clinical diabetes mellitus may or may not recur in the future.

Diabetic remission (Transient diabetes)

Rhodococcus equi. Rx

Erythromycin, rifampin

Rx for Gigardia

fenbendazole or metronidazole.

thoracic limb lameness that is aggravated by exercise

Osteochondrosis