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Sophomore Year > Music 103 - Test 4/Final > Flashcards

Music 103 - Test 4/Final Flashcards

0
Q

impressionism

A
  • anti-german romanticism movement in France
  • realistic effects through suggestion and impression
    • went against all german ideals
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1
Q

post-romanticism

A
  • acceptance to Wagner’s ideas
  • looked to music of earlier times
  • styles bridged 19th & 20th centuries
    • primitivism, expressionism, Impressionism
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2
Q

primitivism

A
  • second half of 20th century
  • exoticism, non-western world
  • unsophistication /simplicity –> works of art
  • strong rhythms, dissonant combinations, narrow melodies, programmatic
    - Paul Gaugin - The Day of the God
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3
Q

Strauss

A
  • master of orchestration
  • tonal harmony with extensive chromaticism, modulations, unresolved dissonances, frequently shifting rhythmic patterns
    • orchestral works, tone poems, opera
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4
Q

Debussy

A
  • effect –> more important than cause
  • obscure tonality, unconventional approach, unusual instrument use, mod/expression supersede form
  • wrote for piano
    • whole tones, pentatonic
  • influenced by travels
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5
Q

Gamelan

A

Indonesian orchestral band/rhythm

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6
Q

Stravinsky

A
  • Russian, left at age 28
  • composed music for ballets
    • firebird, petrushka, le sacre du printemps
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7
Q

expressionism

A
  • rise of the industrial revolution
  • depicted cold/impersonal life
  • interest in subconscious
  • dark and abnormal –> highly emotional
  • painting –> Van Gogh (starry night)
  • literature –> strindberg
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8
Q

Schoenberg

A
  • influenced by Brahms, Strauss, Wagner, Freud (psych)

- wrote atonal but preferred the term pan-tonality

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9
Q

twelve tone technique

A
  • use all twelve tones
  • glides from note to note
  • emancipation of dissonance
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10
Q

cubism

A
  • design with geometric planes and muted tones

- unrealistic but expressive

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11
Q

Ives

A
  • experimentalism
    • quarter tones, polytonality, space & chance
    • General Putnam’s camp
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12
Q

Cowell

A
  • experimentalism
    • tone clusters, innovative use of piano (strings)
    • The Banshee
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13
Q

Babbitt

A
  • 12 tone pieces
  • total serialism with mathematical relationships b/w musical elements, concrete music, recordings
  • ensembles for synthesizers
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14
Q

indeterminate, aleatory, random, chance music

A

leaving significant components to be determined by performers or chance

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15
Q

Cage

A
  • placed things inside piano (prepared piano)
  • experimented with silence, audience participation, aleatory music
    • The Perilous Night
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16
Q

Oliveros

A
  • composer, accordionist, educator
  • qualities of sound, avoided meter/pulse, not symmetric
    • sound patterns
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17
Q

Penderecki

A
  • traditional polish folk music w/ avant-garde concepts
  • medieval & early music styles, tone clusters, strong concern for human suffering
  • extended range of traditional instruments
    • Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima
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18
Q

Machover

A
  • synthesize acoustics & electronic sounds, hyperinstruments
  • enhanced performance => led to Guitar Hero
    • Flora
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19
Q

hyperinstruments

A

electronic enhancement of instruments to extend sound & capability

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20
Q

prepared piano

A
  • things placed inside piano to alter sound

- didn’t know what sounds would be produced (chance sound)

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21
Q

les six

A
  • Auric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, Tailleferre
  • inspired by popular jazz cafe music heard in France
  • typical french => wrote for entertainment
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22
Q

musicology

A

study of music

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23
Q

ethnomusicology

A

study of music w/ specific cultures

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24
Q

neoclassicism

A
  • music b/w WWI & WWII
  • classical, absolute, not programmatic, clear forms, balance, firm harmonies w/ 20th century sound , bitonal & polytonal chords/passages
  • revivals of classical period music
  • reflected the changes in social/political structure (1920s)
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25
Q

Prokofiev

A
  • neoclassicist
  • Russian composers were forbidden to use expressive compositions
    • story telling/morals => peter and the wolf
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26
Q

Hindemith

A
  • functional music (Gebrachsmusik), practical, strong harmonic use
  • composed sonatas, solo concertos, music to accompany film/dance
    • stir emotions => Trumpet sonata
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27
Q

Bartok

A
  • child prodigy/hungarian composer
  • Hungarian/other easter european countries folk music
  • first ethnomusicologist => peasant music
  • narrow melodies, sonorities, complicated arrangements, chords built on fourths, dissonance
    • concerto for orchestra
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28
Q

Copeland

A
  • studied with Boulanger in Paris
  • influence of jazz, folk, tunes, hymns
    • appalachian spring, fanfare for common man
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29
Q

Gershwin

A
  • bridged gap between art & popular
  • strong use of jazz
    • rhapsody in blue
    • porgy and bess => one of the earliest operas
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30
Q

Still

A
  • experience of african americans in music
  • racially mixed family
  • first composition performed by a major symphony & first opera published
    • Afro-American symphony Symphony => culture through music
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31
Q

Barber

A
  • neoromanticism => new interpretation of romantic (emotions)
  • diverse tonality, chromaticism, songlike, expressive
    • Adagio for Strings
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32
Q

minimalism

A

repetitive (almost hypnotic) music based on western ideas but affected by non-western techniques

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33
Q

Riley

A
  • pioneer of minimalistic music in 1960s
  • incorporated elements of indian and jazz in compositions
    • keyboard study no.1
34
Q

Glass

A
  • studied indian tala (rhythmic measure)
  • composed music with tension b/w melody & rhythm in indian rather than western tradition
    • Koyaanisgatsi
35
Q

Reich

A
  • studied in Ghana w/ Ewe tribe
  • compositions influenced by african drumming o contrast with electronic music of the time
    • clapping music, drumming
36
Q

Adams

A
  • used elements from north/south american music
  • used texts from gospels, apocrypha, modern latin american poetry
    • the cave, short ride in a fast machine
37
Q

Ellen Taafee Zwilich

A
  • 1st woman to win Pulitzer Prize in music
  • composer => widely performed & recorded music
    • Concerto Grosso 1985 –> chosen to write piece for the ceebration of 300th anniversary of Handel’s birth
    • Symphony no.1
38
Q

diagetic music

A

music that comes from within an object in film i.e. radio/tv

39
Q

nondiagetic music

A

music heard by the audience (score)

40
Q

film score

A

music that aides the movie and adds something to allow the audience to feel certain emotions/connect with film

41
Q

theremin

A

earliest (~1920s) electronic musical instrument

- invented by Russian physicist

42
Q

classic film score

A

orchestral

- John Williams

43
Q

Williams

A
  • romantic sound to popular favor
  • symphony orchestra scores
    • Indiana jones, harry potter, jaws
44
Q

mainstream

A

main body of work of a given period

45
Q

polymeter

A

use of more than one meter at a time

46
Q

octave displacement

A

melodic concept involving the selection of pitches from various, sometimes distant, octaves

47
Q

glissando

A

expressive slide between pitches

48
Q

polyrhythm

A

two or more rhythmic patterns performed simultaneously

49
Q

atonality

A

avoidance of a tonic note and of tonal relationships in music

50
Q

row

A

series of tones on which serial composition is based

51
Q

experimentalism

A

exploration of previous unknown aspects of musical sounds

52
Q

quarter tone

A

interval halfway between half steps

53
Q

polytonality

A

two or more keys at the same time

54
Q

tone cluster

A

chord built on seconds

55
Q

musique concrète (concrete music)

A

music consisting of recorded and electronically altered sounds

56
Q

sample

A

recorded “natural” sound stored digitally and subject to electronic manipulation

57
Q

modern dance

A

contemporary dance form, usually performed barefoot with steps/gestures/costumes freely designed for each work

58
Q

symbolism

A

literary movement sharing the ideals of impressionists

59
Q

musical comedy

A

musical show combining the entertainment of vaudeville with the integrated plot characteristic of operettas

60
Q

ensemble finale

A

final scene of a music show, or of an act within the show, in which several soloists simultaneously express their individual points of view in different words and music

61
Q

concept musical

A

musical show presenting ideas subject to the audience’s interpretation and leaving situations unresolved

62
Q

sound track

A

all of the dialogue, sound effects, and music of a film

63
Q

temp

A
  • temporary film score, composed of existing music

- prepared to demonstrate the typeof music desired to a film’s composer

64
Q

jazz

A
  • popular style of music in early 20th century inspired by african-american culture
  • different styles generally share dance beat, syncopated rhythm, improvisation
65
Q

syncopation

A

occurrence of accents on weak beats or between beats

66
Q

rag

A

piece in a ragtime

67
Q

ragtime

A

popular piano style in which syncopated melody in right hand is accompanied by a regular dupe pattern in the bass

68
Q

strain

A

melodic section of a march or rag

69
Q

blues

A
  • originated as kind of song and evolved to jazz

- classical form is strophic, twelve bars to each verse

70
Q

blues notes

A

flexible tones chosen subjectively from between the half steps of tonal scales

71
Q

scat

A

improvised singing on neutral/nonsense syllables

72
Q

boogie-woogie

A

piano style derived from the formal and harmonic structure of blues with bright mood and fast tempo

73
Q

combo

A

small jazz ensemble

74
Q

New Orleans jazz

A

music performed by a small combo whose soloists take turns improvising on a given tune

75
Q

Dixieland

A

white musicians version of New Orleans jazz

76
Q

sweet jazz

A

high arranged style with little room for improvisation

77
Q

symphonic jazz

A

concert music with the sounds of jazz but no improvisation

78
Q

swing

A

highly improvisatory style of big band music also referred to as big band jazz

79
Q

bebop

A

complex, highly improvised style of jazz

80
Q

cool jazz

A

mild style, performed by bands of moderate size, often including instruments not typically associated with jazz

81
Q

free jazz

A

style in which musicians improvise independently, sometimes producing a random effect

82
Q

third stream

A

combination of jazz and concert music

83
Q

jazz-rock, fusion, jazz-rock-fusion

A

melds rock rhythms and electronic instruments with collective improvisation, extreme ranges of volume, and rapid shifts in meter/tempo/mood that are not characteristic of rock

Sophomore Year (42 decks)

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