Music 103 - Test 4/Final Flashcards
0
Q
impressionism
A
- anti-german romanticism movement in France
- realistic effects through suggestion and impression
- went against all german ideals
1
Q
post-romanticism
A
- acceptance to Wagner’s ideas
- looked to music of earlier times
- styles bridged 19th & 20th centuries
- primitivism, expressionism, Impressionism
2
Q
primitivism
A
- second half of 20th century
- exoticism, non-western world
- unsophistication /simplicity –> works of art
- strong rhythms, dissonant combinations, narrow melodies, programmatic
- Paul Gaugin - The Day of the God
3
Q
Strauss
A
- master of orchestration
- tonal harmony with extensive chromaticism, modulations, unresolved dissonances, frequently shifting rhythmic patterns
- orchestral works, tone poems, opera
4
Q
Debussy
A
- effect –> more important than cause
- obscure tonality, unconventional approach, unusual instrument use, mod/expression supersede form
- wrote for piano
- whole tones, pentatonic
- influenced by travels
5
Q
Gamelan
A
Indonesian orchestral band/rhythm
6
Q
Stravinsky
A
- Russian, left at age 28
- composed music for ballets
- firebird, petrushka, le sacre du printemps
7
Q
expressionism
A
- rise of the industrial revolution
- depicted cold/impersonal life
- interest in subconscious
- dark and abnormal –> highly emotional
- painting –> Van Gogh (starry night)
- literature –> strindberg
8
Q
Schoenberg
A
- influenced by Brahms, Strauss, Wagner, Freud (psych)
- wrote atonal but preferred the term pan-tonality
9
Q
twelve tone technique
A
- use all twelve tones
- glides from note to note
- emancipation of dissonance
10
Q
cubism
A
- design with geometric planes and muted tones
- unrealistic but expressive
11
Q
Ives
A
- experimentalism
- quarter tones, polytonality, space & chance
- General Putnam’s camp
12
Q
Cowell
A
- experimentalism
- tone clusters, innovative use of piano (strings)
- The Banshee
13
Q
Babbitt
A
- 12 tone pieces
- total serialism with mathematical relationships b/w musical elements, concrete music, recordings
- ensembles for synthesizers
14
Q
indeterminate, aleatory, random, chance music
A
leaving significant components to be determined by performers or chance
15
Q
Cage
A
- placed things inside piano (prepared piano)
- experimented with silence, audience participation, aleatory music
- The Perilous Night
16
Q
Oliveros
A
- composer, accordionist, educator
- qualities of sound, avoided meter/pulse, not symmetric
- sound patterns
17
Q
Penderecki
A
- traditional polish folk music w/ avant-garde concepts
- medieval & early music styles, tone clusters, strong concern for human suffering
- extended range of traditional instruments
- Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima
18
Q
Machover
A
- synthesize acoustics & electronic sounds, hyperinstruments
- enhanced performance => led to Guitar Hero
- Flora
19
Q
hyperinstruments
A
electronic enhancement of instruments to extend sound & capability
20
Q
prepared piano
A
- things placed inside piano to alter sound
- didn’t know what sounds would be produced (chance sound)
21
Q
les six
A
- Auric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc, Tailleferre
- inspired by popular jazz cafe music heard in France
- typical french => wrote for entertainment
22
Q
musicology
A
study of music
23
Q
ethnomusicology
A
study of music w/ specific cultures
24
neoclassicism
- music b/w WWI & WWII
- classical, absolute, not programmatic, clear forms, balance, firm harmonies w/ 20th century sound , bitonal & polytonal chords/passages
- revivals of classical period music
- reflected the changes in social/political structure (1920s)
25
Prokofiev
- neoclassicist
- Russian composers were forbidden to use expressive compositions
- story telling/morals => peter and the wolf
26
Hindemith
- functional music (Gebrachsmusik), practical, strong harmonic use
- composed sonatas, solo concertos, music to accompany film/dance
- stir emotions => Trumpet sonata
27
Bartok
- child prodigy/hungarian composer
- Hungarian/other easter european countries folk music
- first ethnomusicologist => peasant music
- narrow melodies, sonorities, complicated arrangements, chords built on fourths, dissonance
- concerto for orchestra
28
Copeland
- studied with Boulanger in Paris
- influence of jazz, folk, tunes, hymns
- appalachian spring, fanfare for common man
29
Gershwin
- bridged gap between art & popular
- strong use of jazz
- rhapsody in blue
- porgy and bess => one of the earliest operas
30
Still
- experience of african americans in music
- racially mixed family
- first composition performed by a major symphony & first opera published
- Afro-American symphony Symphony => culture through music
31
Barber
- neoromanticism => new interpretation of romantic (emotions)
- diverse tonality, chromaticism, songlike, expressive
- Adagio for Strings
32
minimalism
repetitive (almost hypnotic) music based on western ideas but affected by non-western techniques
33
Riley
- pioneer of minimalistic music in 1960s
- incorporated elements of indian and jazz in compositions
- keyboard study no.1
34
Glass
- studied indian tala (rhythmic measure)
- composed music with tension b/w melody & rhythm in indian rather than western tradition
- Koyaanisgatsi
35
Reich
- studied in Ghana w/ Ewe tribe
- compositions influenced by african drumming o contrast with electronic music of the time
- clapping music, drumming
36
Adams
- used elements from north/south american music
- used texts from gospels, apocrypha, modern latin american poetry
- the cave, short ride in a fast machine
37
Ellen Taafee Zwilich
- 1st woman to win Pulitzer Prize in music
- composer => widely performed & recorded music
- Concerto Grosso 1985 --> chosen to write piece for the ceebration of 300th anniversary of Handel's birth
- Symphony no.1
38
diagetic music
music that comes from within an object in film i.e. radio/tv
39
nondiagetic music
music heard by the audience (score)
40
film score
music that aides the movie and adds something to allow the audience to feel certain emotions/connect with film
41
theremin
earliest (~1920s) electronic musical instrument
| - invented by Russian physicist
42
classic film score
orchestral
| - John Williams
43
Williams
- romantic sound to popular favor
- symphony orchestra scores
- Indiana jones, harry potter, jaws
44
mainstream
main body of work of a given period
45
polymeter
use of more than one meter at a time
46
octave displacement
melodic concept involving the selection of pitches from various, sometimes distant, octaves
47
glissando
expressive slide between pitches
48
polyrhythm
two or more rhythmic patterns performed simultaneously
49
atonality
avoidance of a tonic note and of tonal relationships in music
50
row
series of tones on which serial composition is based
51
experimentalism
exploration of previous unknown aspects of musical sounds
52
quarter tone
interval halfway between half steps
53
polytonality
two or more keys at the same time
54
tone cluster
chord built on seconds
55
musique concrète (concrete music)
music consisting of recorded and electronically altered sounds
56
sample
recorded "natural" sound stored digitally and subject to electronic manipulation
57
modern dance
contemporary dance form, usually performed barefoot with steps/gestures/costumes freely designed for each work
58
symbolism
literary movement sharing the ideals of impressionists
59
musical comedy
musical show combining the entertainment of vaudeville with the integrated plot characteristic of operettas
60
ensemble finale
final scene of a music show, or of an act within the show, in which several soloists simultaneously express their individual points of view in different words and music
61
concept musical
musical show presenting ideas subject to the audience's interpretation and leaving situations unresolved
62
sound track
all of the dialogue, sound effects, and music of a film
63
temp
- temporary film score, composed of existing music
| - prepared to demonstrate the typeof music desired to a film's composer
64
jazz
- popular style of music in early 20th century inspired by african-american culture
- different styles generally share dance beat, syncopated rhythm, improvisation
65
syncopation
occurrence of accents on weak beats or between beats
66
rag
piece in a ragtime
67
ragtime
popular piano style in which syncopated melody in right hand is accompanied by a regular dupe pattern in the bass
68
strain
melodic section of a march or rag
69
blues
- originated as kind of song and evolved to jazz
| - classical form is strophic, twelve bars to each verse
70
blues notes
flexible tones chosen subjectively from between the half steps of tonal scales
71
scat
improvised singing on neutral/nonsense syllables
72
boogie-woogie
piano style derived from the formal and harmonic structure of blues with bright mood and fast tempo
73
combo
small jazz ensemble
74
New Orleans jazz
music performed by a small combo whose soloists take turns improvising on a given tune
75
Dixieland
white musicians version of New Orleans jazz
76
sweet jazz
high arranged style with little room for improvisation
77
symphonic jazz
concert music with the sounds of jazz but no improvisation
78
swing
highly improvisatory style of big band music also referred to as big band jazz
79
bebop
complex, highly improvised style of jazz
80
cool jazz
mild style, performed by bands of moderate size, often including instruments not typically associated with jazz
81
free jazz
style in which musicians improvise independently, sometimes producing a random effect
82
third stream
combination of jazz and concert music
83
jazz-rock, fusion, jazz-rock-fusion
melds rock rhythms and electronic instruments with collective improvisation, extreme ranges of volume, and rapid shifts in meter/tempo/mood that are not characteristic of rock
