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Sophomore Year > Classics - Test 2 > Flashcards

Classics - Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

theogony

A

an account of the genesis or origin of the gods

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2
Q

cosmogony

A

an account of the genesis or origin of the cosmos

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3
Q

cosmos

A

the world or universe conceived of as a rationally ordered, attractive whole

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4
Q

Erinyes

A

furies, ferocious female spirits who haunt those who shed kindred blood, drive them mad

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5
Q

Eros

A

functions as primordial principle that sets world in motion

- also referenced to be son of aphrodite in later years

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6
Q

Uranus/Sky

A
  • covers mother earth [prevent any birth of a successor]

- 12 titans with Gaea > youngest Cronus casrates father uranus to free himself/siblings and throws member into sea

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7
Q

Titanomachy

A
  • Zeus defeats father Cronus and most of the other Titans in a battle
  • to win > Zeus enlists other divinities as allies [Olympians of his own generation, the Cyclopes and the Hundred-Handers]
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8
Q

Typhonomachy

A

Zeus defeats Typhon a monster born from the Earth/from sister&wife Hera

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9
Q

Gigantomachy

A

Zeus and allies defeat the Giants

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10
Q

doublets

A

figures that serve similar functions/perform similar deed

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11
Q

Helius

A
  • son of Hyperion
  • dwells in east (ethiopia)
  • drive four-horse sun chariot
  • son tried to drive it once but scorched the earth so Zeus blasted him with a thunder bolt (why ethiopians have black skin)
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12
Q

Eos

A
  • the daughter of hyperion
  • dawn goddess
  • in love with Tithonus [eternal life without youth]
  • mother of Memnon, killed by Achilles
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13
Q

Selene

A
  • daughter of Hyperion
  • drives two-horse night chariot
  • falls in love with mortal shepard Endymion [eternal sleep/youth]
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14
Q

Iapetus

A
  • 1 of 12 titans sentenced to tartarus

- 3 sons: prometheus, atlas, epimetheus

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15
Q

Prometheus

A
  • supported Zeus against titans
  • pseudo champion of humankind
  • son Deucalion survived universal flood
  • Deucalion’s 3 kids lend names to future races (Hellen, Dorus>Aeolus>Xuthus, Ion)
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16
Q

Epimetheus

A
  • accepted Zeus’ gift to punish humans after Prometheus’ deception [Pandora]
  • “after-thinker” > after thought
17
Q

Pandora

A
  • “all-giver/all-gifted”
  • received various gifts (i.e. Hermes thievishness)
  • opened jar of evils releasing all except hope
  • comparable to Eve
18
Q

Zeus

A
  • father of gods and men
  • associated with thunderbolt, eagle, nectar (Ganymede)
  • Olympia is most important Zeus shrine
19
Q

Dodona

A
  • Dione (Zeus’ lover at Dodona)
  • supposedly aphrodites mother (another interpretation than sea foam born)
  • oracle provides prophetic responses to questions [reportedly oldest in Greece]
20
Q

Ganymede

A

young trojan taken bby Zeus to become cupbearer of god on olympus [rape of ganymede]

21
Q

Zeus and Lovers

A
  • Metis > Athena
  • Themis > Horae [seasons]: Eunomia [good rule], Dice [justice], Irene [peace] & Moerae [fates]
  • Mnemosyne > Muses
22
Q

Hera

A
  • associated with cows, respectable matron, scepter, crown
  • jealous of Zeus’ affection at Ganymede
  • slighted by trojan prince Paris
  • in illiad = argives represent greeks and hera sides with them
  • deception of zeus shows his wayward ways > mad
  • 3 children w/ zeus > Ares, Hebe/Youth, Hephaestus
23
Q

Poseidon

A
  • one of big 3 gods > “earth-shaker”
  • assoc. trident/3-prong fishing spear/harpoon, earthquakes, fish
  • Isthmus of Corinth
  • sea chariot drawn by hippocamps (sea-horses w/ fish tales)
  • Arion (child by demeter, happened in form of horses), pegasus, triton (mother amphitrite), the hero Theseus (mortal woman)
24
Q

Hermes

A
  • messenger god, patron god of heralds, patron god of cattle-rustlers and herdsman, businessmen and thieves
  • assoc. winged shoes, staff, travelers hat, lyre
  • zeus + maia [arcadia] > hermes > pan
  • steals brother apollos cattle and admits to nothing even as he is a baby > gave apollo lyre to make up for cattle
  • slayed Argos who guarded Io > Argeiphontes
25
Q

Hephaestus

A
  • god of fire & smiths
  • island Lemnos
  • assoc. volcanoes, club foot
  • made divine armor for achilles at request of his mother
  • cyclopes help > smith gods from previous generation freed by zeus from tartarus
  • birthed athena
  • hesiodic tale > born asexually from Hera after athena
  • married to one of the graces or aphrodite
  • thrown from heaven either b/c he helped hera and was thrown to lemnos by zeus OR hera didn’t like him and threw him down > raised by nereids/barbarians of lemnos
  • in anger hephaestus traps hera in a throne and dionysus gets him drunk and brings him back to free her
26
Q

Apollo

A
  • “far shooter”
  • god of music, healing, leader of muses
  • zeus + leto
  • assoc. lyre, bow, arrows, quiver, arrows of plague (healing/poison), laurel (daphne)
  • sides with trojans
  • delos = sm. island, reported birthplace, major sanctuary for Apollo to the Ionians
  • son Asclepius rescued after mother killed for seducing another even though she was carrying Apollo’s child > also god of healing
  • Delphi = major sanctuary, used for purification rituals
27
Q

argive heraeum

A

famous sanctuary of Hera at argos

28
Q

proetids

A

daughters of king proetus of argos

  • goddess drove them mad when they somehow insulted her statue
  • thinking they were cows, wandered the peloponnese
29
Q

Eileithyia

A
  • birth goddess

- prevented/delayed by hera to apollo/artemis’ and heracles’ birth

30
Q

Triton

A
  • merman w/ elongated fish bottom half

- calms sea by blowing into conch shell

31
Q

Pan

A
  • promotes fertility among flocks/herds
  • depicted ithyphallic
  • goats feet + horns (sometimes other goat traits)
32
Q

Syrinx

A

pan loved syrinx but she didn’t want to give up her virginity so she asked to be spared and was turned into a reed. Pan cut the reed and played music

33
Q

fauns

A

roman spirits of the environment

34
Q

herma

A

stone heap, boundary marker for shepherds, travelers, merchants

35
Q

herm

A

quadrangular stone pillar with bearded head and erection on front
- lucky charm, ward off evil influences

36
Q

similarities to the east

A

1 - come from water generation (Anu - Oceanus)
- primordial pair separated
2 - castration of sky god (Anush - Uranus)
3 - cut/bit off genitalia (Kumarbi > pregnant when swallows them - Cronus)
4 - storm god defeats monster born of previous generation (Marduk - Teshub - Zeus)

37
Q

five ages

A

Gold > made by gods, ruled by Cronus
Silver > made by gods, zeus covered them for their arrogance
Bronze > terrible & mighty, destroyed themselves
Heroes > many died in battle (Troy & Thebes)
Iron > troublesome, evil, soon to be destroyed

Sophomore Year (42 decks)

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