Biology 102 Final Flashcards
1
Q
karyotype
A
- picture of chromosomes
- chromosomes come in pairs (n = 23 and humans have 2n)
2
Q
gametes
A
- haploid cells
- one set of chromosomes (1n)
3
Q
sexual reproduction
A
- offspring are genetically different from parents/each other
4
Q
meiosis
A
- cell division to produce sex cells
- diploid to haploid cells
5
Q
independent assortment
A
every chromosome orients independently of others during meiosis
6
Q
crossing over
A
- pieces of homologous non-sister chromatids exchange
- translocation
7
Q
SRY gene
A
- sex determining region of Y chromosome
- ovaries develop as default unless told otherwise
8
Q
non-disjunction, meiosis I
A
- problems with homologous chromosome separation
9
Q
non-disjunction, meiosis II
A
- homologous chromosomes separate but sister chromatids do not
10
Q
DNA sequence problems/mutations
A
- down syndrome
- XXY > Klinefelters [male]
- XXX > Metafemale
- XO > Turners syndrome [female]
11
Q
pedigree
A
history of a trait in a family > upside down family tree
12
Q
phenotype
A
- external characteristics expressed
- shown on pedigree
13
Q
genotype
A
- genetic makeup
- might carry a certain trait but never express
14
Q
incomplete dominance
A
- dominance is incomplete > in between phenotype with heterozygote
- i.e. wavy hair is in between curly and straight > both traits expressed
15
Q
codominance
A
- both alleles contribute to expression of the gene
- no dominance > work together
- i.e blood type > A, B, AB
16
Q
polygenic inheritance
A
- certain traits affected by multiple genes
- i.e. skin color affected by 3 different genes
17
Q
asexual reproduction
A
- 1 parent produces genetically IDENTICAL offspring
- multiply quickly, no partner, isolation is not an issue, no disease/diversity
- same genotype can cause issues since 1 disease can wipe out the population > no diversity/growth
