Music 103 - Test 1 Flashcards
Chapter 2: Rhythm
rhythm: arrangement of music, basic building materials
-beat: basic building element
-accents: strong beat among rhythm
Tempo: speed of music
Meter: organization of beats –> strong/weak
-measures/bars: unit containing fixed number of beats
-duple: two beats, STRONG-weak
-triple: three beats, STRONG-weak-weak
-quadruple: four beats, STRONG-weak-STRONG-weak
Chapter 1: Sound
pitch:high/lowness
-register: range of pitches
-tone: certain pitch
-flat: half-step lower
-sharp: half-step higher
-forte: loud
-piano: soft
dynamic level: loud/softness
-crescendo:getting louder
-decrescendo/diminuendo: getting softer
timbre
quality of sound specific to the instrument/voice
-same note can sound very different on different instruments
symphony orchestra
ensemble with all 4 instrument groups dominated by string section
string
- bowed/strung/struck/plucked
- viola, violin, cello, string bass, harp
woodwind
wind instruments, usually played with 1-2 reeds
-piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet
brass
wind instruments, made of brassy material with flared bell end
-trumpet, trombone, french horn, tuba
percussion
played by shaking, rubbing, striking
-timpani, drums, chimes, tambourine, triangle, cymbals
ethos
moral and ethical qualities of music
acoustics
science of sound
- pythagorus: theory of music, plucking 2 strings to demonstrate tones an octave apart - modes: seven note scales scales, range of an octave
classism vs. romanticism
two rival ideas/styles of music
- classical: restrained, objective style, Apollo, calm, spiritual --> lyre - romantic: emotional, subjective style, drama, revelry --> aulo
Christian Music
church controlled the thoughts of people –> dfficult social & eononmic times
wanted to keep people away from other deities (Greek/Roman)
Jewish, Greek,and Eastern traditions adapted to help form the religion/music
-liturgy: rds of mass/order of service
-linear polyphony:music with multiple lines that is not meant to be harmonic
-syllabic: one syllable per note
-melismatic: multiple notes have one syllable
Hildegard of Bingen
benedictine abbess
famous for her composing in a time when many were anonymous - included more pitches than ordinary chant
-healing powers –> suffered from migranes and “visions” were side effects
Age of Humanism
- period that found new optimism in 14th century Italy
- spread through Europe in Renaissance
Guillaume de Machaut
secretary to the king of bohemia –> born in northern france
- Messe de Nostre Dame - first complete musical setting of ordinary mass by 1 man - sacred and secular music - hocket: hiccup in music --> one person picks up where another leaves off
