Classics - Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

divine myth

A

stories about the gods that explain in many ways why the world is the way it is

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1
Q

legend

A

stories that involve heroes and heroines narrate events of human past

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2
Q

folktales

A

stories with ordinary people/animals as the main characters where the stories justify customary patterns of behavior

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3
Q

etiological tale

A
  • explains the causes that brought he world into existence

- explains why things are and how they came to be

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4
Q

folktale motifs

A

specific, common recurrence of themes in multiple works across the world that can be recombined indefinitely

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5
Q

Boeotia

A

ancient Thebes

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6
Q

Attica

A

ancient Athens

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7
Q

Laconia

A

ancient Sparta

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8
Q

Greek Dark Age

A

1200 - 800 BC

  • collapse of Mycenaean civilization
  • stronger weapons formed
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9
Q

Archaic Period

A

800 - 480 BC

  • renewal of large scale building/trade increase
    • founding of Olympic Games
  • Greek alphabet (more adapted than invented)
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10
Q

Homer

A

750 BC

wrote Iliad and Odyssey

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11
Q

Hesiod

A

700 BC

wrote Theogony

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12
Q

Classical Period

A

480 - 323 BC

  • Attic Tragedy
    • Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles
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13
Q

Hellenistic Period

A

323 - 31 BC

- Apollonius –> Argonautica

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14
Q

Imperial/ Roman Period

A

31 BC - AD 476

  • Vergil (Aeneid)
  • Ovid (Metamorphoses)
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15
Q

etymology

A

original/ true meaning of a word

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16
Q

cognates

A

words that arise from the same origin

- shared parent language called proto-indo-european

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17
Q

Ancient Greek dialects

A

Aeolic - Lesbos
Ionic - Athens, Chios, Miletus
Doric - Sparta

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18
Q

Bronze Age

A

3000 - 1200 BC

  • Minoans on Crete
  • greek speakers on Greece in 2000 BC
    • Linear A - writing left by Minoans
    • Linear B - non-alphabetic script deciphered in 1950s by Ventris
  • many legends seem to be set in late Bronze Age
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19
Q

pederasty

A

love for boys

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20
Q

Etruscans

A

responsible for the adaptation of alphabet

- gave it to romans who passed it to the greeks

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21
Q

Sumerians

A

people of southern mesopotamia

- created first city-states

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22
Q

Semites

A

not a united people but more named fro their cultural and linguistic patterns

- Akkadians: reformed the sumerian culture/myths
	- preserved myths in cuneiform in clay tablets
23
Q

Hebrews

A

semitic peoples whose ancestry was traced to Abraham

24
Q

Hittites

A
  • one of the most powerful and important peoples of late Bronze Age
  • controlled Anatolia (1600-1200)
  • preserved myths in cuneiform on clay tablets
25
Q

homeric hymns

A

orally composed poems (most likely by homer)

26
Q

cyclic poems

A

post-homeric epics —> told parts around homers works to fill in gaps w/ illiad and odyssey
influenced greek art and athenian tragedians

27
Q

choral song

A

type of poetry used to reflect on the glory/praise an athlete

28
Q

Aeschylus

A

tragedy author

- Persians

29
Q

Sophocles

A

loved to show the dignity of human beings in conflict with often divine sources

30
Q

Euripides

A

said to have showed men as they really were, not how they should be
- celebrated power of emotion over reason

31
Q

Library of Apollodorus

A

collection/account of mythical events from the creation to the death of Odysseus

32
Q

Babylonians

A
  • leader Hammurabi wrote all legal decisions in cuneiform on column (3600 lines)
  • fashioned temporary political unity from the scattered city-states in southern mesopotamia
  • fell after leader’s death
33
Q

cuneiform

A

first known system of markings (first true writing)

easier/more advanced Phoenician syllabary took over (22 syllables, used to record after 1000 BC)

34
Q

mythography

A

written collection of myths

35
Q

Schliemann

A

(1822-1890)
proved authenticity of homer by excavation
distribution of dialects confirms the broad outline of the dorian invasion legend

36
Q

allegory

A

symbolic expression

speaking about one thing in terms of another

37
Q

Myth and religion

A

greeks were polytheistic
Greek/roman religion emphasized ritual over correct belief
- myth is not religion but rather small part of the phenomenon

38
Q

syncretism

A

mixing or blending of various traditions into one

39
Q

anthropomorphism

A

gods have a human form

40
Q

idolatry

A

worship of idols

41
Q

Xenophanes of Colophon

A

525 BC
philosopher/poet
known for cross culture comparisons that people make god in their own image with their morals
criticized homer/Hesiod that they made gods do immoral things
- thought god was a sphere (perfect in every way)

42
Q

euhemerism

A

theory that the gods were once humans

43
Q

Neoplatonism

A

people who followed Plato and his theories/ideas
believed in a higher dimension of reality beyond the limits of time and space
- a place where perfection could be achieved

44
Q

Johann Bachofen

A

believed that myth reflects the earlier matriarchal era

45
Q

Sir James Frazer

A

magic evolves into religion which evolves in into science

- myth explains ritual

46
Q

Georges Dumezil

A

Indo-european myths reflect pre-historic, tripartite social structure

1 - kings and priests
2 - warriors
3 - food providers

47
Q

Branislaw Malinowski

A

myth serves as a charter and validates social practices

48
Q

Sigmund freud

A

myths represent psychological tensions of he human race

49
Q

Carl Jung

A

myths symbolically reflect the collective unconscious of the human race
- archetypes

50
Q

Claude Levi-Strauss

A

structuralism: traditional story is conveyed by structure relations within the content, not content itself
myth is an attempt to mediate between binary oppositions
-savage vs. civilized

51
Q

Walter Burkert

A
  • myth is a type of traditional tale
  • crystalizes in different structures indifferent contexts
  • reflects basic biological or cultural patterns of actions (programs of action)
      • hunting customs,,initiation rites
52
Q

ritual theory of myth

A

origin of myth is closely related/tied to religious rituals

53
Q

charter theory of myth

A

purpose of myth is to serve as a justification for the way things are

54
Q

Max Muller

A

saw the allegory of a struggle between sunlight and darkness in every myth
- known as solar mythology

55
Q

Indo-european comparative mythology

A

to explain european myths in the same way and discover patterns/original meanings of myth

56
Q

Paris school of myth criticism

A

group of gentlemen who found the same school of tough as Levi-Strauss