Music 103 - Test 3 Flashcards
0
Q
fortepiano
A
- early piano, wide range of dynamic levels
- smaller, less sonorous
1
Q
enlightenment
A
- 18th century movement by french intellectuals
- advocated reason as universal source of knowledge/truth
- Voltaire & Diderot
- “dampened” playful spirit of rococo
2
Q
classical style
A
- restrained, objective art style
- period of western music from 1750-1825
- form: beauty in order
- melody: duality in themes
- texture: homophonic, melodies generally placed in top line
- dynamics: range increased, changes more subtle & dramatic
- timbre: instrumental dominated, surpassed sacred
3
Q
viennese style
A
- more specific over classical
- Haydn/Mozart/Beethoven –> drew inspiration from vienna, greek/roman art
- emotionally restrained approach to art (similar to classical)
4
Q
form
A
overall design of the work of a musical composition
5
Q
symphony
A
multi-movement orchestral form
6
Q
sonata-allegro
A
- “first movement form”
- composed of 3 sections –> exposition, development, recapitulation
- formed binary design
- sonata-form
7
Q
coda
A
optional closing section in the sonata-allegro
8
Q
cadenza
A
extended passage for the solo instrument
- typical feature of solo concerto –> improvised by soloist
9
Q
rondo
A
form in which various episodes alternate with the opening material
- fast tempo, merry mood - ABACA form
10
Q
string quartet
A
chamber ensemble consisting of two violins, viola, cello
- multi-movement work (typically 4) - most popular chamber ensemble form
11
Q
minuet and trio
A
- often third movement of a symphony/sonata/string quartet
- consists of two or more minuets
- second (trio) lighter/more lyrical than first
12
Q
overture
A
- sets the mood, introduces themes
- introductory orchestral piece
13
Q
comic opera
A
- light mood
- everyday topics
- smaller cast w/ simple staging
- in vernacular
14
Q
opera buffa
A
- shorter comic episodes between longer serious scenes –> not entirely funny
- eventually independent comic opera
15
Q
pants/trousers role
A
woman dressed like a man who has to pretend to be a woman
16
Q
metronome
A
- instrument used to measure tempo - 1816
- used by Beethoven –> one of the first major composers to use it for markings
17
Q
motive
A
short melodic phrase that can be developed > Ride of Valkyries (Wagner), Symp. 9 (Beethoven)
18
Q
art song
A
- concert setting of a poem to music
- strophic, through-composed OR modification of the forms
- blending of the arts
19
Q
lieder
A
german art songs
20
Q
requiem
A
funeral mass for the dead
21
Q
cyclic form
A
multi-movement form unified by recurrence of same/similar melodic material in 2+ movements
22
Q
Nationalism
A
- new national consciousness –> styles of music characteristic to country
- connection to heritage
23
Q
The Five
A
- Borodin
- Balakirev
- Cui
- Mussorgsky
- Rimsky-Korsakov
24
concert overature
- one movement orchestral work --> evolves to independent piece
- classical form
- romeo & juliet overture (Tchaikovsky)
25
program symphonies
- multimovement, longer
- form: programatic concepts
- each movement has its own theme
- Symphonie fantastique - Berlioz
26
symphonic poems
- one movement
- programmatic concepts
- poem with notes instead of words
- major orchestral music innovation
27
orchestral suites
smaller excerpts from larger works pieced together
| - ballets (PIT)
28
idee fixe
melodic theme that unifies the movements
29
grand opera
- serious french opera style which emphasized the spectacular
- ballets & stirring chorus
- usually based on historical events
30
opera comique
- comic opera --> satire OR romance
- spoken dialogue
- shorter, more modest/realistic
- Carmen: George Bizet
31
leitmotif
weaving melodies through --> unified opera
32
thematic transformations
represented people,events, ideas
33
operetta
- reform from serious/large to light/short/comic
- exotic, humorous, witty, social/political satire, unforgettable melodies
- The Mikado: Sullivan & Gilbert
34
patter songs
tuneful settings, ridiculous multi-syllabic texts (singing tongue twisters)
35
verismo
realism opera --> characters etc.
| - Puccini: Madame butterfly
36
character pieces
short piano piece in characteristic mood or style
37
impromptus
improvisatory character pieces
38
ballades
songlike character pieces
39
nocturnes
piece expressing the character of the night
40
preludes
short character piece with no specific form
41
song cycles
set of songs by one composer/generally the same poet connected by subject and melody
42
etude
individual exercises for specific instrument
| - Paganini: caprices
43
rubato
"robbing", stealing from/adding to tempo in highly subjective manner --> dramatic changes
44
minstrel shows
white me dressed in stereotypical African american dress/blackface that included song, dance, comic repaartee
45
music drama
- wagner's concept of musical theater
| - drama and music were of equal importance
46
strain
melodic section of a march or rag
47
trio
- composition of three voices/instruments
48
break
dramatic, unstable, strongly rhythmic section in a march
49
ensemble finale
final scene of a music show or act within show where several soloists express their POV in different words/music
50
dies irae
Gregorian chant for the dead
51
diminution
rhythmic technique in which note values are halved, doubling the tempo
52
Mozart
- child prodigy
- emotionally dependent
- melodist --> light & lyrical
- piano,organ, harpsichord, violin
53
Haydn
- Austrian
- choirboy & student at Vienna cathedral
- Kappelmeister to Esterhazy
- depths of feeling & creative mind
- The Creation
54
Beethoven
- revolutionary
- works had more romantic feel but he didn't discard classical altogether
- little formal education
- studied briefly w/ Haydn but loved mozart
- sonata-allegro design
55
Mendelssohn
- revered works of Bach
- classicist/romantic
- prolific composer/organist
- chamber music, piano, symphonies
56
Mendelssohn-Hensel
- pianist encouraged to study but not perform
- performed duets w/ brother --> husband supported music but not performance
- composed chamber music, sometimes published under brothers name
57
Brahms
- misplaced classist --> used models from past
- motivic development
- chamber music, piano music, symphonies, choral music
- friends of schumanns
58
Sousa
- composed marches --> director of Marine band
| - European march --> melodic sections each reprised
59
Tchaikovsky
- nationalist to cosmopolitan
- influenced by italian opera
- Eugene Oregin
60
Paganini
- virtuosity & showmanship --> gift of devil
- violinist
- wrote for violin, orchestra.mandolin, guitar
- caprices --> series of exercises (showcased technique) for performances
61
Chopin
- brought influence from polish music
- poet of piano
- not happy --> lived in France b/c he had to leave Poland
- long & songlike melodies --> no motivic development
62
Sullivan & Gilbert
- did not get along but collaborated well
| - Operetta
63
Wagner
- poet/musician
- influenced by Nietzsche
- stage/llibrettos
- music dramas --> fantastic
- Siegfried
64
Verdi
religious choral music w/ opera/dramatic elements
| - Dies Irae
65
Schubert
- classical & romantic styles
- choirboy in Esterhazy
- lived in his own ideal world
- symphonies: Gretchen am Spinnrade
66
Gottschalk
- first american composer-performer in europe
- highly virtuosic
- Le bananier
67
Liszt
- hungarian
- court conductor at Weimar
- piano/orchestral, oratorios, masses, songs, organ music
68
Puccini
- blending of Wagner and Verdi
- increased orchestral role in opera
- Madame Butterfly
69
Berlioz
- idee fixe
- master of orchestration
- symphonie fantastique
70
Foster
- ripped off --> worlds greatest melodist
- family appreciated but did not support music
- Jeanie with light brown hair
