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Sophomore Year > Music 103 - Test 3 > Flashcards

Music 103 - Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

fortepiano

A
  • early piano, wide range of dynamic levels

- smaller, less sonorous

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1
Q

enlightenment

A
  • 18th century movement by french intellectuals
  • advocated reason as universal source of knowledge/truth
    • Voltaire & Diderot
  • “dampened” playful spirit of rococo
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2
Q

classical style

A
  • restrained, objective art style
  • period of western music from 1750-1825
    • form: beauty in order
    • melody: duality in themes
    • texture: homophonic, melodies generally placed in top line
    • dynamics: range increased, changes more subtle & dramatic
    • timbre: instrumental dominated, surpassed sacred
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3
Q

viennese style

A
  • more specific over classical
  • Haydn/Mozart/Beethoven –> drew inspiration from vienna, greek/roman art
  • emotionally restrained approach to art (similar to classical)
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4
Q

form

A

overall design of the work of a musical composition

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5
Q

symphony

A

multi-movement orchestral form

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6
Q

sonata-allegro

A
  • “first movement form”
  • composed of 3 sections –> exposition, development, recapitulation
  • formed binary design
    • sonata-form
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7
Q

coda

A

optional closing section in the sonata-allegro

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8
Q

cadenza

A

extended passage for the solo instrument

- typical feature of solo concerto –> improvised by soloist

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9
Q

rondo

A

form in which various episodes alternate with the opening material

- fast tempo, merry mood
- ABACA form
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10
Q

string quartet

A

chamber ensemble consisting of two violins, viola, cello

- multi-movement work (typically 4)
- most popular chamber ensemble form
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11
Q

minuet and trio

A
  • often third movement of a symphony/sonata/string quartet
  • consists of two or more minuets
    • second (trio) lighter/more lyrical than first
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12
Q

overture

A
  • sets the mood, introduces themes

- introductory orchestral piece

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13
Q

comic opera

A
  • light mood
  • everyday topics
  • smaller cast w/ simple staging
  • in vernacular
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14
Q

opera buffa

A
  • shorter comic episodes between longer serious scenes –> not entirely funny
  • eventually independent comic opera
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15
Q

pants/trousers role

A

woman dressed like a man who has to pretend to be a woman

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16
Q

metronome

A
  • instrument used to measure tempo - 1816

- used by Beethoven –> one of the first major composers to use it for markings

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17
Q

motive

A

short melodic phrase that can be developed > Ride of Valkyries (Wagner), Symp. 9 (Beethoven)

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18
Q

art song

A
  • concert setting of a poem to music
  • strophic, through-composed OR modification of the forms
      • blending of the arts
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19
Q

lieder

A

german art songs

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20
Q

requiem

A

funeral mass for the dead

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21
Q

cyclic form

A

multi-movement form unified by recurrence of same/similar melodic material in 2+ movements

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22
Q

Nationalism

A
  • new national consciousness –> styles of music characteristic to country
  • connection to heritage
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23
Q

The Five

A
  • Borodin
  • Balakirev
  • Cui
  • Mussorgsky
  • Rimsky-Korsakov
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24
Q

concert overature

A
  • one movement orchestral work –> evolves to independent piece
  • classical form
    • romeo & juliet overture (Tchaikovsky)
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25
Q

program symphonies

A
  • multimovement, longer
  • form: programatic concepts
  • each movement has its own theme
    • Symphonie fantastique - Berlioz
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26
Q

symphonic poems

A
  • one movement
  • programmatic concepts
  • poem with notes instead of words
  • major orchestral music innovation
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27
Q

orchestral suites

A

smaller excerpts from larger works pieced together

- ballets (PIT)

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28
Q

idee fixe

A

melodic theme that unifies the movements

29
Q

grand opera

A
  • serious french opera style which emphasized the spectacular
    • ballets & stirring chorus
  • usually based on historical events
30
Q

opera comique

A
  • comic opera –> satire OR romance
  • spoken dialogue
  • shorter, more modest/realistic
    • Carmen: George Bizet
31
Q

leitmotif

A

weaving melodies through –> unified opera

32
Q

thematic transformations

A

represented people,events, ideas

33
Q

operetta

A
  • reform from serious/large to light/short/comic
  • exotic, humorous, witty, social/political satire, unforgettable melodies
    • The Mikado: Sullivan & Gilbert
34
Q

patter songs

A

tuneful settings, ridiculous multi-syllabic texts (singing tongue twisters)

35
Q

verismo

A

realism opera –> characters etc.

- Puccini: Madame butterfly

36
Q

character pieces

A

short piano piece in characteristic mood or style

37
Q

impromptus

A

improvisatory character pieces

38
Q

ballades

A

songlike character pieces

39
Q

nocturnes

A

piece expressing the character of the night

40
Q

preludes

A

short character piece with no specific form

41
Q

song cycles

A

set of songs by one composer/generally the same poet connected by subject and melody

42
Q

etude

A

individual exercises for specific instrument

- Paganini: caprices

43
Q

rubato

A

“robbing”, stealing from/adding to tempo in highly subjective manner –> dramatic changes

44
Q

minstrel shows

A

white me dressed in stereotypical African american dress/blackface that included song, dance, comic repaartee

45
Q

music drama

A
  • wagner’s concept of musical theater

- drama and music were of equal importance

46
Q

strain

A

melodic section of a march or rag

47
Q

trio

A
  • composition of three voices/instruments
48
Q

break

A

dramatic, unstable, strongly rhythmic section in a march

49
Q

ensemble finale

A

final scene of a music show or act within show where several soloists express their POV in different words/music

50
Q

dies irae

A

Gregorian chant for the dead

51
Q

diminution

A

rhythmic technique in which note values are halved, doubling the tempo

52
Q

Mozart

A
  • child prodigy
  • emotionally dependent
  • melodist –> light & lyrical
  • piano,organ, harpsichord, violin
53
Q

Haydn

A
  • Austrian
  • choirboy & student at Vienna cathedral
  • Kappelmeister to Esterhazy
  • depths of feeling & creative mind
    • The Creation
54
Q

Beethoven

A
  • revolutionary
  • works had more romantic feel but he didn’t discard classical altogether
  • little formal education
  • studied briefly w/ Haydn but loved mozart
  • sonata-allegro design
55
Q

Mendelssohn

A
  • revered works of Bach
  • classicist/romantic
  • prolific composer/organist
    • chamber music, piano, symphonies
56
Q

Mendelssohn-Hensel

A
  • pianist encouraged to study but not perform
  • performed duets w/ brother –> husband supported music but not performance
    • composed chamber music, sometimes published under brothers name
57
Q

Brahms

A
  • misplaced classist –> used models from past
  • motivic development
    • chamber music, piano music, symphonies, choral music
    • friends of schumanns
58
Q

Sousa

A
  • composed marches –> director of Marine band

- European march –> melodic sections each reprised

59
Q

Tchaikovsky

A
  • nationalist to cosmopolitan
  • influenced by italian opera
    • Eugene Oregin
60
Q

Paganini

A
  • virtuosity & showmanship –> gift of devil
  • violinist
    • wrote for violin, orchestra.mandolin, guitar
  • caprices –> series of exercises (showcased technique) for performances
61
Q

Chopin

A
  • brought influence from polish music
  • poet of piano
  • not happy –> lived in France b/c he had to leave Poland
  • long & songlike melodies –> no motivic development
62
Q

Sullivan & Gilbert

A
  • did not get along but collaborated well

- Operetta

63
Q

Wagner

A
  • poet/musician
  • influenced by Nietzsche
  • stage/llibrettos
  • music dramas –> fantastic
    • Siegfried
64
Q

Verdi

A

religious choral music w/ opera/dramatic elements

- Dies Irae

65
Q

Schubert

A
  • classical & romantic styles
  • choirboy in Esterhazy
  • lived in his own ideal world
    • symphonies: Gretchen am Spinnrade
66
Q

Gottschalk

A
  • first american composer-performer in europe
  • highly virtuosic
    • Le bananier
67
Q

Liszt

A
  • hungarian
  • court conductor at Weimar
  • piano/orchestral, oratorios, masses, songs, organ music
68
Q

Puccini

A
  • blending of Wagner and Verdi
  • increased orchestral role in opera
    • Madame Butterfly
69
Q

Berlioz

A
  • idee fixe
  • master of orchestration
    • symphonie fantastique
70
Q

Foster

A
  • ripped off –> worlds greatest melodist
  • family appreciated but did not support music
    • Jeanie with light brown hair

Sophomore Year (42 decks)

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