Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 12 voluntary muscles?
Deltoid Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Biceps Triceps External obliques Gluteals Hip flexors Quadriceps Hamstrings Gastronemus Tibialis anterior
Where are the gluteals located?
In the middle of the body at the back, forming the bottom.
What is the function of the gluteals?
To adduct and extend the leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards.
Where is the hamstring located?
At the top of each leg at the back.
What is the function of the hamstring?
To flex the legs at the knees.
Where is the gastrocnemius located?
At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscles.
What is the function of the gastrocnemius?
To point the toes (plantar-flexion) at the ankle.
Where is the latissimus dorsi located?
At the back of the body, either side of the chest.
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
Pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back (adduct and extend).
Where are the triceps located?
At the top of each arm at the back.
What is the function of the triceps?
Extend the arm at the elbow.
Where are the deltoids located?
In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders.
What is the function of the deltoids?
Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders.
Where are the biceps located?
At the top of each arm at the front.
What is the function of the biceps?
Flex the arm at the elbows.
Where are the quadriceps located?
At the top of each leg at the front.
What is the function of the quadriceps?
Extend the leg at the knee.
Where is the pectoralis major located?
In the upper part of the chest at the front.
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
Adduct the arm at the shoulder.
Where are the external obliques located?
To the side of the abdomen.
What is the function of the external obliques?
Pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column.
Where is the tibialis anterior located?
Runs down the shin.
What is the function of the tibialis anterior?
Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi-flexion).
Where are the hip flexors located?
Sat deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg.
What is the function of the hip flexors?
Flex the hip, help the leg and knee up towards the body.
What are voluntary muscles?
Voluntary muscles are muscles are under your control. Voluntary muscles can only pull and they do this by contracting.
Sporting example of voluntary muscles:
You move your biceps and triceps when playing tennis before doing a forehand shot.
What are involuntary muscles?
Muscles that are not under our control.
Why are the involuntary muscles important in sport?
It helps distribute blood to areas it is most needed.
What is a cardiac muscle?
Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardia muscle is made up of interfaced fibres.
What are antagonistic pairs?
When two muscles work together to enable movement to happen.
e.g. biceps and triceps, quadriceps and hamstrings, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. (Need to know this!!!)
When a muscle relaxes, what is the name of the contraction?
Antagonist
When a muscle contracts, what is the name of the contraction?
Agonist
What are the two types of twitch fibres?
Fast twitch fibres
Slow twitch fibres
What is a type 1 slow twitch fibre?
Type 1 have a slow contraction velocity, are very resistant to fatigue and are capable of repeated low-level contractions.
What are type IIA fast twitch fibres?
Type IIA can be fast in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and produce fast, strong muscle contractions. They are more prone to fatigue that type 1 fibres.
