MSK 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 important components of synovial joints?
- articular cartilage
- joint capsule
- synovial membrane
True or False: there are blood vessels and nerves in articular cartilage
False, there are no blood vessels or nerves in articular cartilage
What cells produce synovial fluid?
synoviocytes
What does synovial fluid do?
It lubricates joints and is the main source of nutrients (oxygen and glucose) for the articular cartilage.
What are erosions?
Superficial injuries to articular cartilage (injury does not reach the bone).
What would you call a full-thickness injury to the articular cartilage where the injury reaches the level of the subchondral bone?
ulceration
What is an eburnation?
A complete, chronic and severe ulceration of the articular cartilage with exposure, sclerosis and polishing of the subchondral bone.
What is sclerosis?
hardening
What are osteophytes?
Periarticular new bone formations. They are little new growths of bone that can break off and become ‘joint mice’.
Are synovial fossae normal or abnormal?
They are part of the normal anatomy of joints.
How can you tell synovial fossae and ulcerations apart?
- Synovial fossae are depressions in a non-articulating portion of the joint.
- Synovial fossae are bilaterally symmetrical.
- Synovial fossae are near the midline of joints.
What is osteochondrosis?
A focal failure of endochondral ossification of the articular cartilage that will result in a weak spot that may collapse.
What is osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)?
There is dissecation of cracks through the articular cartilage down to the underlying subchondral to form a cleft or flap, resulting in clinically relevant lameness.
What is hip dysplasia?
Characterized by a lack of conformity between the acetabulum and femoral head, resulting in excessive joint laxity which causes irritation, inflammation, and subsequently degenerative joint disease.
What 2 chronic reactions to injury can happen in the joint with hip dysplasia?
- villus hypertrophy of the synovial membrane
- eburnation of the subchondral bone
What is degenerative joint disease (DJD)?
It is not a specific disease but rather the common result of various forms of joint injury.
What is the fundamental lesion of DJD?
Loss of articular cartilage.
What is the difference between osteochondrosis and osteoarthritis?
Osteochondrosis is the retention of growth cartilage in young, growing animals while osteoarthritis is synonymous with degenerative joint disease.
What anatomical structure of the musculoskeletal system can be thought of as a jelly filled donut?
Intervertebral disks, as they have a gelatinous center (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by layers of fibrocartilage (annulus fibrosis).
Describe the 2 types of intervertebral disk herniations.
- Hansen Type 1 - extrusion of degenerate nucleus pulposis material through all layers of the annulus fibrosis and dorsal longitudinal ligament.
- Hansen Type 2 - partial herniation of the nucleus pulposus, but the material does not extrude through the intact dorsal ligament.
What is ankylosing spondylosis?
Fusing of adjacent vertebral bodies.
How is bacterial arthritis diagnosed?
By taking a synovial fluid sample and looking at its appearance. Normal synovial fluid is clear and yellowish. With bacterial arthritis, the fluid is cloudy (turbid) and may have aggregates of fibrin.
What are the 2 categories of immune mediated arthritis?
- non-erosive: circulating antibody-antigen complexes deposit in joints causing inflammation (there is no damage to articular cartilage).
- erosive: antibodies targeted against self-antigens within the joint itself (this damages articular cartilage).
What disease refers to the deposition of mineral crystals in articular and peri-articular tissues?
gout
