GI 4 Flashcards
What causes coccidiosis in herbivores?
Eimeria
What causes coccidiosis in carnivores?
Isospora
What is coccidiosis?
A protozoal parasite infection that is host, organ and tissue specific
What age calves are usually affected by coccidiosis?
2 weeks to 6 months
What are the gross lesions of coccidiosis?
Hemorrhagic or fibrinohemorrhagic typhlocolitis (mostly large intestine, but can extend into ileum)
What is Attaching and Effacing E. coli (AEEC)?
A type of enteropathic E. coli that targets the large intestine including the rectum
What age of calves does AEEC usually affect?
5 days to 6 months
What are the gross lesions of AEEC?
-Hemorrhage
-Colon necrosis
What are characteristics of Clostridium perfringens?
-Type C
-Important cause of neonatal diarrhea
-Produces beta toxin
What age is typically affected by C. perfringens?
5-10 days old, rare up to 2 months
What is the most important clinical sign of C. perfringens?
Bloody diarrhea
Rhodococcus equi causes enterocolitis in ______
Foals
What age are foals typically affected by R. equi?
2 weeks - 6 months
What are the gross lesions of R. equi?
-Small and large intestine affected by large crateriform ulcers
-Lymphadenopathy
What histologic lesions are seen with R. equi?
-Pyogranulomatous enterotyphlocolitis and lymphadenitis
-gram positive bacteria within macrophages
What did canine parvovirus evolve from?
Feline panleukopenia
Which tissues does parvovirus target?
Rapidly dividing tissues (enteric epithelium, hematopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissue)
What are the gross lesions of parvovirus in the small intestine?
-Hemorrhage
-Ground glass appearance of serosa
What is the most common histologic lesion seen with parvovirus?
Crypt necrosis
What species causes Johne’s disease?
Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis (MAP)
How is Johne’s spread?
-Fecal-oral
-Milk/colostrum
-Water
What are clinical signs of Johne’s?
-Chronic diarrhea
-Emaciation
-Hypoproteinemia
Gross lesions of Johne’s?
-Cerebelliform thickening of the intestine (ileum mostly)
-Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
Histologic lesions of Johne’s
-Infiltration of the lamina propria by large numbers of macrophages
-Macrophages contain acid fast bacilli
Porcine proliferative enteropathy is caused by
Lawsonia intracellularis
Which tissue does L. intracellularis target?
Distal small intestine (ileum) and large intestine
What is the characteristic gross lesion of L. intracellularis?
Cerebelliform thickening of the intestine
What pathogen is swine dysentery caused by?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Which tissue is B. hyodysenteriae restricted to?
Large intestine
What is another name for potomac horse fever and what pathogen causes it?
Equine neorickettsiosis. Caused by Neorickettsia risticii
What is the main clinical sign of potomac horse fever?
Laminitis
When does potomac horse fever typically occur and why?
In the summer because its transmitted by trematodes that infect snails (always check standing water in paddock)
What are the gross lesions of potomac horse fever?
-Fluid filled large bowel with foul odour
-Marked edema in distal limbs
What two species does Clostridium difficile commonly occur in?
Horses and pigs
What is a predisposing factor for C. difficile infection?
Antibiotics (creates dysbiosis)
What are the gross lesions of C. difficile?
Intense hyperemia and hemorrhage in intestines
Is C. difficile zoonotic?
Yes
What are characteristics of salmonella?
-Zoonotic
-Localized enterocolitis or septicemia
-Can cause diarrhea in any age
What are gross lesions of salmonella infection
-Fibronecrotizing or catarrhal enteritis and typhlocolitis
-Multifocal button ulcers
-Yellow, green or hemorrhagic feces with foul odour
Salmonella typhimurium causes _______ ________ __________ in pigs
Chronic rectal strictures
Salmonella typhimurium in horses is associated with hospitalization and ___________ treatment
Antibiotic
Salmonella dublin causes __________ ____________ in cattle
Fibrinous cholecystitis
What 2 types of BVDV can occur?
-Classical BVD
-Severe acute BVD
What are gross lesions of BVDV?
-Linear esophageal ulcers
-Necrosis and hemorrhage over Peyer’s patches
Which dog species are predisposed to lymphangiectasia?
Yorkshire terriers and Norwegian Lundehunds
What are the gross lesions of lymphangiectasia?
-Dilated lacteals on the mucosa as white spots
-Mucosa segmentally thickened
-Dilated lymphatic vessels along serosa and mesentery
What is a common histologic lesion of lymphangiectasia?
Dilated lymphatic vessels at the center of the villi
What is another name for histiocytic ulcerative colitis of boxers?
Granulomatous colitis of boxers
What other breed besides boxers is affected by histiocytic ulcerative colitis?
French bulldogs
Gross lesion of histiocytic ulcerative colitis
Thickened ulcerated colon
Histologic lesion of histiocytic ulcerative colitis
Mucosal ulceration with loss of goblet cells and infiltration of the submucosa by granulocytes and macrophages
What is a histiologic change seen with IBD?
Chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
IBD may progress to intestinal lymphoma in which species?
Cats and Basenji dogs
NSAID induced right dorsal colitis occurs commonly in which species?
Horses
NSAID induced right dorsal colitis is ulceration of the _______ and _________
Colon; stomach
NSAID induced right dorsal colitis is the result of _______ ________
Ischemic damage
What is a common benign neoplasia of the GI system that’s epithelial in origin?
Anal hepatoid gland adenomas (perianal adenoma)
What is a malignant neoplasia of the anal gland called?
Anal gland adenocarcinoma
What is the number one intestinal tumor in dogs, cats and horses?
Lymphoma
_______ cell lymphomas generally have a better prognosis than _______ cell lymphomas
Small; large
Cats primarily get ______ cell (T cell) lymphomas
Small
What is triaditis?
Inflammation of the liver, pancreas and small intestine at the same time
Which species does triaditis occur more often in?
Cats
What are some causes of pancreatitis?
-Idiopathic
-Breed (mini schnauzers)
-Dietary indiscretion*
-Blunt trauma (surgery)
What are gross features of pancreatitis?
-Hemorrhage and congestion
-Edema
-Saponification of fat*
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is more common in which species
Dogs
What are the 2 forms of EPI?
Congenital
Acquired
What condition is congenital EPI?
Juvenile pancreatic insufficiency
Which breeds are predisposed to juvenile pancreatic insufficiency?
-German shepherds*
-Rough-coated collies
-Chows
-English setters
Toxic injury from _____ can cause acquired EPI
Zinc
What is exocrine pancreatic nodular hyperplasia?
An incidental finding in older cats
What is pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
An aggressive form of neoplasia from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreas. Metastasis and carcinomatosis is common
