GI 1 - Nicole

Question 1

name 2 oral cavity congenital abnormalities

Answer 1

cleft lip (cheiloschisis) and cleft palate (palatoschisis)

Question 2

name for cleft lip

Answer 2

cheiloschisis

Question 3

name for cleft palate

Answer 3

palatoschisis

Question 4

cleft palate (chelioshisis) sequelae

Answer 4

aspiration pneumonia as animals can’t make a good seal while suckling milk and end up aspirating

Question 5

jaw abnormalities - name 2

Answer 5

Brachygnathia (shortening) and Prognathia (elongation)

Question 6

2 kinds of Brachygnathia

Answer 6

Brachygnathia inferior (shortening of mandible) and Brachyganthia superior (shortening of maxillae) [breed standard in brachycephalic dogs]

Question 7

Prognathia

Answer 7

elongation of mandible

Question 8

what is parrot mouth

Answer 8

a form of brachygnathia inferior in horses

Question 9

what is the most common cause of congenital anomalies

Answer 9

viruses

Question 10

causes for cleft and jaw abnormalities

Answer 10

hereditary, drugs, toxic plants, and infectious

Question 11

overall inflammation of the oral cavity

Answer 11

stomatitis

Question 12

inflammation of the lips

Answer 12

cheilitis

Question 13

inflammation of the pharynx

Answer 13

pharyngitis

Question 14

inflammation of the tongue

Answer 14

glossitis

Question 15

inflammation of the gums

Answer 15

gingivitis

Question 16

inflammation of the tonsils

Answer 16

tonsilitis

Question 17

FORLs

Answer 17

Feline Odontoclastic Resporptive Lesions (similar to cavities)

• painful and idiopathic

Question 18

where do FORLs often start

Answer 18

at the subgingival neck or upper root of cheek teeth (right near gum line or under gum line)

Question 19

when do Feline Ondontoclastic Resorptive Lesions increase in prevalence?

Answer 19

age, increased occurrence in last 40 years (diet related?)

Question 20

EOTRH

Answer 20

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis

old name - cementoblastoma

Question 21

EOTRH targets

Answer 21

canines and incisors

Question 22

EORTH is a painful and progressive lesion of older horses that causes a combination of

Answer 22

cemental hyperplasia and lysis NOT NEOPLASIA - (proliferation and destruction at same time)

Question 23

EOTRH - you see

Answer 23

bulbous enlargement of the intra-alveolar part of the teeth

Question 24

what is odontogenic Dysplasia

Answer 24

Dysplastic growth of molar teeth seen in RODENTS that affects enamel, dentin, and cementum (tooth starts to grow backwards instead of forwards)

Question 25

odontogenic dysplasia results in

Answer 25

malocclusion, hyper salivation, and emaciation

Question 26

characteristic sign of odontogenic dysplasia

Answer 26

palpate nodular hard swellings along the ventral mandible or along dorsal surface of maxilla (in some species this is normal so know your stuff before diagnosing this)

Question 27

what helps to determine if you're feeling odontogenic dysplasia

Answer 27

asymmetry between sides

Question 28

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS) is thought to be a

Answer 28

hypersensitivity reaction to gram negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease also called kissing ulcers

Question 29

CUPS

Answer 29

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

Question 30

Gross Lesions of Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

Answer 30

buccal ulceration in areas of contact between mucosa and teeth affected by gingivitis, plaque, and calculus - often see white centre + red rim

Question 31

Who is CUPS most common in

Answer 31

middle aged white breed dogs but can prevent with good dental care

Question 32

which teeth are most commonly affected in Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

Answer 32

maxillary canine and carnassial teeth

Question 33

Oral Necrobacillosis is also called

Answer 33

calf diphtheria and necrotic laryngitis

Question 34

oral Necrobacillosis is caused by

Answer 34

fusobacterium necrophorum an ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

Question 35

how does an animal acquire oral Necrobacillosis

Answer 35

fusobacterium necrophorum is a secondary invader after mucosal damage. predisposing diseases include trauma, IBR, and papular stomatitis

Question 36

where can oral necrobacillosis target

Answer 36

the buccal or pharyngeal mucosa, or the larynx and tonsils. NOT JUST AN ORAL CAVITY DISEASE can spread down the esophagus or trachea

Question 37

can oral necrobacillosis be fatal?

Answer 37

yes, if it goes systemic - systemic disease is more common in young animals

Question 38

gross lesions of oral necrobacillosis

Answer 38

yellow grey, well-demarcated necrosis with a hyperemic rim. Necrotic material may be slightly raised above surface and often has a dry appearance, with multiple rings of colour (flower-like)

Question 39

histologic lesions of oral necrobacillosis

Answer 39

bacteria arranged into long thin filaments

Question 40

how to definitively prove its oral necrobacillosis

Answer 40

culture in ANAEROBIC CULTURE

Question 41

Wooden tongue other name

Answer 41

actinobacillosis

Question 42

actinobacillosis is caused by

Answer 42

bacteria actinobacillus lignieresii - gram negative

Question 43

how does actinobacillus lignieresii get into tongue

Answer 43

part of normal oral flora, and trauma allows penetration of bacteria

Question 44

what happens in actinobacillosis

Answer 44

tongue becomes swollen and hard, may extend to other parts of oral cavity like jaw and lymph nodes

Question 45

which species does wooden tongue affect?

Answer 45

cattle, sheep, pigs, and also wild ruminants/ungulates

Question 46

histologically what do you see - actinobacillosis

Answer 46

pyogranulomatous inflammation and Splendore-Hoeppli (sulfur granules)

Question 47

what is characteristic of wooden tongue

Answer 47

sulfur granules (splendore-Hoeppli) - appear as yellow dots & do not contain sulfur (confusing)

Question 48

woody tongue is very similar to lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces Bovis - how do you tell these apart?

Answer 48

use a gram stain as they stain differently. Actinobacillus Lignieresii is a gram negative bacterium whereas Actinomyces Bovis is gram positive

Question 49

can woody tongue be difficult to culture?

Answer 49

yes, but crushing the sulfur granules helps, and tell the lab you are specifically looking for these agents

Question 50

Oral candidiasis also called

Answer 50

thrush

Question 51

oral candidiasis is caused by

Answer 51

fungus Candida albicans

Question 52

oral candidiasis is more common in

Answer 52

young animals and animals that go through a change in diet such as weaning or antibiotic therapy

Question 53

gross features of oral candidiasis

Answer 53

pale yellow to grey pseudomembrane overlying oral mucosa, especially at the back of the tongue

Question 54

oral candidiasis histologic features

Answer 54

proliferation of yeast and hyphae within keratinized layer (doesn't invade the tongue but will thicken the keratinized layer)

Question 55

does oral candidiasis only happen on the tongue

Answer 55

no, can happen anywhere in the keratinized portion of the GIT so oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach but varies within species

Question 56

species with a keratinized stomach

Answer 56

horse, pig, cow