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Systemic Path > GI 1 - Nicole > Flashcards

GI 1 - Nicole Flashcards

1
Q

name 2 oral cavity congenital abnormalities

A

cleft lip (cheiloschisis) and cleft palate (palatoschisis)

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2
Q

name for cleft lip

A

cheiloschisis

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3
Q

name for cleft palate

A

palatoschisis

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4
Q

cleft palate (chelioshisis) sequelae

A

aspiration pneumonia as animals can’t make a good seal while suckling milk and end up aspirating

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5
Q

jaw abnormalities - name 2

A

Brachygnathia (shortening) and Prognathia (elongation)

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6
Q

2 kinds of Brachygnathia

A

Brachygnathia inferior (shortening of mandible) and Brachyganthia superior (shortening of maxillae) [breed standard in brachycephalic dogs]

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7
Q

Prognathia

A

elongation of mandible

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8
Q

what is parrot mouth

A

a form of brachyganthia inferior in horses

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9
Q

what is the most common cause of congenital anomalies

A

viruses

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10
Q

causes for cleft and jaw abnormalities

A

hereditary, drugs, toxic plants, and infectious

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11
Q

overall inflammation of the oral cavity

A

stomatitis

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12
Q

inflammation of the lips

A

cheilitis

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13
Q

inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

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14
Q

inflammation of the tongue

A

glossitis

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15
Q

inflammation of the gums

A

gingivitis

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16
Q

inflammation of the tonsils

A

tonsilitis

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17
Q

FORLs

A

Feline Odontoclastic Resporptive Lesions (similar to cavities)

  • painful and idiopathic
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18
Q

where do FORLs often start

A

at the subgingival neck or upper root of cheek teeth (right near gum line or under gum line)

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19
Q

when do Feline Ondontoclastic Resorptive Lesions increase in prevalence?

A

age, increased occurrence in last 40 years (diet related?)

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20
Q

EOTRH

A

Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis

old name - cementoblastoma

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21
Q

EOTRH targets

A

canines and incisors

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22
Q

EORTH is a painful and progressive lesion of older horses that causes a combination of

A

cemental hyperplasia and lysis NOT NEOPLASIA - (proliferation and destruction at same time)

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23
Q

EOTRH - you see

A

bulbous enlargement of the intra-alveolar part of the teeth

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24
Q

what is odontogenic Dysplasia

A

Dysplastic growth of molar teeth seen in rodents that affects enamel, dentin, and cementum (tooth starts to grow backwards instead of forwards)

25
Q

odontogenic dysplasia results in

A

malocclusion, hyper salivation, and emaciation

26
Q

characteristic sign of odontogenic dysplasia

A

palpate nodular hard swellings along the ventral mandible or along dorsal surface of maxilla (in some species this is normal so know your stuff before diagnosing this)

27
Q

what helps to determine if you’re feeling odontogenic dysplasia

A

asymmetry between sides

28
Q

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS) is thought to be a

A

hypersensitivity reaction to gram negative bacteria associated with periodontal disease
also called kissing ulcers

29
Q

CUPS

A

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

30
Q

Gross Lesions of Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

A

buccal ulceration in areas of contact between mucosal and teeth affected by gingivitis, plaque, and calculus
- often see white centre + red rim

31
Q

Who is CUPS most common in

A

middle aged white breed dogs but can prevent with good dental care

32
Q

which teeth are most commonly affected in Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

A

maxillary canine and carnassial teeth

33
Q

Oral Necrobacillosis is also called

A

calf diphtheria and necrotic laryngitis

34
Q

oral Necrobacillosis is caused by

A

fusobacterium necrophorum a ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

35
Q

how does an animal acquire oral Necrobacillosis

A

fusobacterium necrophorum is a secondary invader after mucosal damage. predisposing diseases include trauma, IBR, and papular stomatitis

36
Q

where can oral necrobacillosis target

A

the buccal or pharyngeal mucosa, or the larynx and tonsils. NOT JUST AN ORAL CAVITY DISEASE
can spread down the esophagus or trachea

37
Q

can oral necrobacillosis be fatal?

A

yes, if it goes systemic - systemic disease is more common in young animals

38
Q

gross lesions of oral necrobacillosis

A

yellow grey, well-demarcated necrosis with a hyperemic rim. Necrotic material may be slightly raised above surface and often has a dry appearance, with multiple rings of colour (flower-like)

39
Q

histologic lesions of oral necrobacillosis

A

bacteria arranged into long thin filaments

40
Q

how to definitively prove its oral necrobacillosis

A

culture in ANAEROBIC CULTURE

41
Q

Wooden tongue other name

A

actinobacillosis

42
Q

actinobacillosis is caused by

A

bacteria actinobacillus lignieresii
- gram negative

43
Q

how does actinobacillus lignieresii get into tongue

A

part of normal oral flora, and trauma allows penetration of bacteria

44
Q

what happens in actinobacillosis

A

tongue becomes swollen and hard, may extend to other parts of oral cavity like jaw and lymph nodes

45
Q

what does wooden tongue affect

A

cattle, sheep, pigs, and also wild ruminants/ungulates

46
Q

histologically what do you see - actinobacillosis

A

pyogranulomatous inflammation and Splendore-Hoeppli (sulfur granules)

47
Q

what is characteristic of wooden tongue

A

sulfur granules (splendore-Hoeppli) - appear as yellow dots & do not contain sulfure (confusing)

48
Q

woody tongue is very similar to lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces Bovis - how do you tell these apart?

A

use a gram stain as they stain differently. Actinobacillus Lignieresii is a gram negative bacterium whereas Actinomyces Bovis is gram positive

49
Q

can woody tongue be difficult to culture?

A

yes, but crushing the sulfur granules helps, and tell the lab you are specifically looking for these agents

50
Q

Oral candidiasis also called

A

thrush

51
Q

oral candidiasis is caused by

A

fungus Candida albicans

52
Q

oral candidiasis is more common in

A

young animals and animals that go through a change in diet such as weaning or antibiotic therapy

53
Q

gross features of oral candidiasis

A

pale yellow to grey pseudomembrane overlying oral mucosa, especially at the back of the tongue

54
Q

oral candidiasis histologic features

A

proliferation of yeast and hyphae within keratinized layer (doesn’t invade the tongue but will thicken the keratinized layer)

55
Q

does oral candidiasis only happen on the tongue

A

no, can happen anywhere in the keratinized portion of the GIT so oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach but varies within species

56
Q

species with a keratinized stomach

A

horse, pig, cow

57
Q

vesicular stomatitides - name the 4

A

1) foot and mouth disease
2) vesicular stomatitis
3) vesicular exanthema of swine
4) swine vesicular disease

58
Q
A

Systemic Path (10 decks)

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