Special senses 2

Question 1

what species are misplaced hair abnormalities of the cilia most common?

Answer 1

dogs

Question 2

What is trichiasis? What kind of corneal damage does this cause?

Answer 2

Hairs in a normal position are misdirected to contact the cornea (causes mild irritation

Question 3

In which dog breeds is trichiasis more common?

Answer 3

Brachycephalic breeds

Question 4

What is distichiasis? What kind of corneal damage does this cause?

Answer 4

Abnormally positioned eyelash coming from theopening of the Meibomian glandsat the eyelid margin (causesminimal corneal damage)

Question 5

What is ectopic cilia? What kind of corneal damage does this cause?

Answer 5

Abnormally positioned eyelash coming from thepalpebral conjunctiva(causessevere corneal damage)

Question 6

What is an entropion?

Answer 6

The inward rolling of the eyelid margin due to inadequate length (causes corneal irritation)

Question 7

Entropion is a form of _________

Answer 7

Trichiasis (can be fixed surgically)

Question 8

What is an ectropion?

Answer 8

The outward rolling of the eyelid margin due to excessively long lax eyelids (like droopy eyed basset hounds)

Question 9

What is a cherry eye?

Answer 9

The prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid

Question 10

In what species is cherry eye common?

Answer 10

Dogs

Question 11

How can cherry eye be fixed?

Answer 11

It can be fixed surgically but do not just cut the gland out as it is important for tear production. Without it

Question 12

What is the most common tumor of the canine eyelid?

Answer 12

Meibomian gland tumors

Question 13

True or False: Meibomian gland tumors are usually benign

Answer 13

t

Question 14

What is the second most common tumor of dog eyelids?

Answer 14

Eyelid melanocytoma

Question 15

True or False: Eyelid melanocytomas are usually benign

Answer 15

t

Question 16

True or False: Conjunctival melanomas are usually benign

Answer 16

False. They are malignant and aggressive with frequent metastasis

Question 17

In what species is squamous cell carcinoma of the eye common?

Answer 17

Cattle, horses

Question 18

Squamous cell carcinoma is often on the ___________ eyelid

Answer 18

Third

Question 19

What is squamous cell carcinoma commonly associated with?

Answer 19

UV light exposure (white faced animals are more at risk)

Question 20

What is the medical term for bovine “cancer eye”?

Answer 20

Bovine squamous cell carcinoma

Question 21

What is cerumen?

Answer 21

Ear wax

Question 22

What are ceruminous glands?

Answer 22

Glands lining theear canalthat contribute to making cerumen (earwax)

Question 23

In what species is otitis externa most common?

Answer 23

Dogs

Question 24

How does an aural hematoma develop?

Answer 24

Chronic otitis leads to head shaking which causes trauma to blood vessels in the pinna and hemorrhage. This blood then collects and pools.

Question 25

What species get aural hematomas?

Answer 25

Dogs (especially large breeds with droopy ears), cats

Question 26

Mite infestations are a common problem in ___________

Answer 26

Kittens

Question 27

What is another name for mite infestation?

Answer 27

Otoacariasis

Question 28

What are aural plaques of horses? What are these caused by?

Answer 28

Depigmented plaques/warts on the concave surface of the ear. They are caused by equine papilloma virus.

Question 29

How are aural plaques in horses different from other papilloma warts?

Answer 29

Most papillomas happen in young animals and go away on their own but these warts happen in older horses and don't go away.

Question 30

What is an equine dentigerous cyst?

Answer 30

A congenital cyst formed as a result of malpositioned tooth stem cells during development. They occur at the base of the ear and can contain teeth.

Question 31

What is otognathia?

Answer 31

A rudimentary accessory mouth at the base of the ear. This can even include teeth!!!!!!

Question 32

What are the possible causes of ear tip necrosis (three)?

Answer 32

1. Frost bite 2. Bacterial septicemia (salmonella) 3. Toxins (ergot)

Question 33

What ear tumors are common in both cats and dogs?

Answer 33

Tumors of the ceruminous glands

Question 34

True or False: Ceruminous gland tumors are usually malignant

Answer 34

True (called ceruminous adenocarcinomas)

Question 35

What is the name for inflammation of the middle ear?

Answer 35

Otitis media

Question 36

The middle ear connects to the oropharynx via the _________________

Answer 36

Auditory tube

Question 37

Otitis media is most common in what species?

Answer 37

Ruminants and pigs

Question 38

What are two major clinical signs of otitis media?

Answer 38

1. Droopy ear 2. Head tilt

Question 39

Otitis media frequently occurs in conjunction with which other diseases?

Answer 39

Respiratory disease (pneumonia) and Horner's syndrome in dogs and cats

Question 40

What pathogen is associated with otitis in cattle?

Answer 40

Mycoplasma bovis

Question 41

What pathogen is associated with otitis in pigs?

Answer 41

Pasturella multocida

Question 42

What are clinical signs of Horner's syndrome?

Answer 42

1. Miosis (constricted pupils) 2. Enopthalmos (eye sinks deeper into socket) 3. Narrowed palpebral aperture 4. Protrusion of the third eyelid 5. Peripheral vasodilation

Question 43

Nasopharyngeal polyps occur in cats of what age?

Answer 43

< 2 years

Question 44

What two pathogens like to infect the guttural pouches of horses?

Answer 44

- Streptococcus equi equi (strangles) - Aspergillus sp.

Question 45

True or False: Fatal unilateral epistaxis in horses occurs more commonly with Streptococcus equi equi infection of the guttural pouch?

Answer 45

false

Question 46

Fungal infections of the guttural pouch are more likely to cause _________________

Answer 46

Epistaxis

Question 47

What is temporohyoid osteoarthropathy? What causes this?

Answer 47

A disorder causing bone thickening in horses that causes the temporohyoid bone to become fused with the skull. It is caused by infection or degenerative joint disease

Question 48

What are the two types of vestibular disease?

Answer 48

1. Peripheral 2. Central

Question 49

What type of vestibular disease involves the ear and cranial nerve 8?

Answer 49

Peripheral

Question 50

What is "old dog vestibular disease"?

Answer 50

An idiopathic peripheral vestibular disease. We don't know why it happens but they usually improve within 2-3 days with no treatment

Question 51

Encephalitozoon caniculi is a _______________

Answer 51

Fungus

Question 52

What species are most affected by E. caniculi?

Answer 52

Rabbits

Question 53

What organs are affected by E. caniculiinfections (three)?

Answer 53

Brain, kidneys, eyes

Question 54

E. caniculi causes _____________ inflammation in the kidneys and brain

Answer 54

Granulomatous