GI 3 Flashcards
On necropsy, a horses ileum is covered in elevated hemorrhagic plaques. What are these, what causes them, and what is their significance
Hemomelasma ilei, an incidental finding due to Strongylus larvae migration
A pig’s intestine is covered in bubbles. What the heck is this and what is it’s significance
This is intestinal emphysema, which is an incidental finding in pigs
What are the two segmental, congenital abnormalities of the intestine, and how do they differ?
stenosis ( incomplete occlusion of the lumen) and atresia (complete occlusion of the lumen)
Atresia coli is the complete occlusion of the colon. in Holstein calves, where does it most commonly occur?
the spiral colon
Atresia ani describes an imperforate anus. it is hereditary to what two species?
calves and pigs
what is the most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract?
atresia ani
What is atresia ani often associated with?
additional malformations (distal spinal column, congenital deformities of the genitourinary tract, intestinal atresia or agenesis)
What are the four types of ACQUIRED intestinal obstruction
luminal, mural, external, or functional
what is a trichobezoar
mass of hair that accumulates in the GI tract
what is a phytobezoar
mass of plant matter that accumulates in the GI tract
Name the 5 things that can cause a luminal obstruction in the intestines
- Foreign bodies
- trichobezoars/phytobezoars
- enteroliths
4.parasites - colonic impaction
A cat presents at necropsy with intestinal pleating. What was the most likely cause of death?
intestinal luminal obstruction due to a linear foreign body (ie a string)
what is an enterolith
mineralizations of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate
Where do intestinal luminal obstructions most commonly occur in horses
at the pelvic flexure or the transverse/small colon (due to narrowing and change of direction)
what are the two types of mural obstruction of the intestine?
- jejunal hematoma in dairy cattle
2.rectal stricture in pigs
What species commonly suffers from jejunal hematoma
adult dairy cattle
An adult dairy cow presents with segmental intramural and luminal hemorrhage of the short section of the jejunum. What is your diagnosis
jejunal hematoma
What bacteria species causes rectal stricture in pigs
Salmonella typhimurium
A pig presents at necropsy with necrotizing proctitis, ischemia, and damage to the rectal blood vessels. what is this condition called, and what is it secondary to?
rectal stricture, caused by salmonella typhimurium
What is a common extramural cause of intestinal obstruction in horses?
Equine strangulating lipomas
what is the step-wise progression of necrosis caused by intestinal displacement>
displacement -> incarceration -> strangulation -> ischemia -> necrosis
what is incarceration
fixation of a hernia or entrapped contents that can’t be corrected
what is a volvulus
twist in the intestine on the mesenteric axis
what is torsion
twist about the long axis of the viscus
what is intussusception
telescoping of the intestine
what age does intussusception commonly affect
young animals
what is the most common intussusception in dogs
ileocolic
Which is the correct statement:
a. The intussusceptum receives the intussuscipiens.
b. The intussuscipiens receives the intussusceptum.
B. the intussuscipiens is the recipient
internal hernias most commonly occur in what species?
Horses (epiploic foramen entrapment and gastrosplenic ligament entrapment are common)
What are two types of external hernias?
inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic, ventral. Top two have hereditary components
what species commonly experience rectal prolapse
swine, sheep, cattle
what is the term for inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
what is the term for inflammation of the colon
colitis
what is the term for inflammation of the cecum
typhlitis
what is the term for inflammation of the rectum
proctitis
What is diphtheritic enteritis
a cast of fibrin and necrotic cells that is ulcerated underneath. Often seen with salmonella infection
Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) cause, grossly, histologically
Secretory neonatal diarrhea caused by toxin production (often k99) in the first 5 days of life for calves. Grossly looks like “pineapple juice” diarrhea. Minimal changes on histology
Neonatal diarrhea caused by rotavirus or corona virus affects what age of calf?
5 days - 2 weeks
which is more severe: rotavirus or coronavirus
coronavirus
T/f: coronavirus causes villi atrophy AND crypt necrosis
true
What is the gross appearance of a calf’s intestine that has been infected with coronavirus
grossly apparent fibrin and necrosis
