GI 3 Flashcards

1
Q

On necropsy, a horses ileum is covered in elevated hemorrhagic plaques. What are these, what causes them, and what is their significance

A

Hemomelasma ilei, an incidental finding due to Strongylus larvae migration

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2
Q

A pig’s intestine is covered in bubbles. What the heck is this and what is it’s significance

A

This is intestinal emphysema, which is an incidental finding in pigs

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3
Q

What are the two segmental, congenital abnormalities of the intestine, and how do they differ?

A

stenosis ( incomplete occlusion of the lumen) and atresia (complete occlusion of the lumen)

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4
Q

Atresia coli is the complete occlusion of the colon. in Holstein calves, where does it most commonly occur?

A

the spiral colon

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5
Q

Atresia ani describes an imperforate anus. it is hereditary to what two species?

A

calves and pigs

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6
Q

what is the most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract?

A

atresia ani

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7
Q

What is atresia ani often associated with?

A

additional malformations (distal spinal column, congenital deformities of the genitourinary tract, intestinal atresia or agenesis)

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8
Q

What are the four types of ACQUIRED intestinal obstruction

A

luminal, mural, external, or functional

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9
Q

what is a trichobezoar

A

mass of hair that accumulates in the GI tract

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10
Q

what is a phytobezoar

A

mass of plant matter that accumulates in the GI tract

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11
Q

Name the 5 things that can cause a luminal obstruction in the intestines

A
  1. Foreign bodies
  2. trichobezoars/phytobezoars
  3. enteroliths
    4.parasites
  4. colonic impaction
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12
Q

A cat presents at necropsy with intestinal pleating. What was the most likely cause of death?

A

intestinal luminal obstruction due to a linear foreign body (ie a string)

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13
Q

what is an enterolith

A

mineralizations of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate

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14
Q

Where do intestinal luminal obstructions most commonly occur in horses

A

at the pelvic flexure or the transverse/small colon (due to narrowing and change of direction)

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15
Q

what are the two types of mural obstruction of the intestine?

A
  1. jejunal hematoma in dairy cattle
    2.rectal stricture in pigs
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16
Q

What species commonly suffers from jejunal hematoma

A

adult dairy cattle

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17
Q

An adult dairy cow presents with segmental intramural and luminal hemorrhage of the short section of the jejunum. What is your diagnosis

A

jejunal hematoma

18
Q

What bacteria species causes rectal stricture in pigs

A

Salmonella typhimurium

19
Q

A pig presents at necropsy with necrotizing proctitis, ischemia, and damage to the rectal blood vessels. what is this condition called, and what is it secondary to?

A

rectal stricture, caused by salmonella typhimurium

20
Q

What is a common extramural cause of intestinal obstruction in horses?

A

Equine strangulating lipomas

21
Q

what is the step-wise progression of necrosis caused by intestinal displacement>

A

displacement -> incarceration -> strangulation -> ischemia -> necrosis

22
Q

what is incarceration

A

fixation of a hernia or entrapped contents that can’t be corrected

23
Q

what is a volvulus

A

twist in the intestine on the mesenteric axis

24
Q

what is torsion

A

twist about the long axis of the viscus

25
what is intussusception
telescoping of the intestine
26
what age does intussusception commonly affect
young animals
27
what is the most common intussusception in dogs
ileocolic
28
Which is the correct statement: a. The intussusceptum receives the intussuscipiens. b. The intussuscipiens receives the intussusceptum.
B. the intussuscipiens is the recipient
29
internal hernias most commonly occur in what species?
Horses (epiploic foramen entrapment and gastrosplenic ligament entrapment are common)
30
What are two types of external hernias?
inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic, ventral. Top two have hereditary components
31
what species commonly experience rectal prolapse
swine, sheep, cattle
32
what is the term for inflammation of the small intestine
enteritis
33
what is the term for inflammation of the colon
colitis
34
what is the term for inflammation of the cecum
typhlitis
35
what is the term for inflammation of the rectum
proctitis
36
What is diphtheritic enteritis
a cast of fibrin and necrotic cells that is ulcerated underneath. Often seen with salmonella infection
37
Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) cause, grossly, histologically
Secretory neonatal diarrhea caused by toxin production (often k99) in the first 5 days of life for calves. Grossly looks like "pineapple juice" diarrhea. Minimal changes on histology
38
Neonatal diarrhea caused by rotavirus or corona virus affects what age of calf?
5 days - 2 weeks
39
which is more severe: rotavirus or coronavirus
coronavirus
40
T/f: coronavirus causes villi atrophy AND crypt necrosis
true
41
What is the gross appearance of a calf's intestine that has been infected with coronavirus
grossly apparent fibrin and necrosis
42