GI 3 Flashcards
On necropsy, a horses ileum is covered in elevated hemorrhagic plaques. What are these, what causes them, and what is their significance
Hemomelasma ilei, an incidental finding due to Strongylus larvae migration
A pig’s intestine is covered in bubbles. What the heck is this and what is it’s significance
This is intestinal emphysema, which is an incidental finding in pigs
What are the two segmental, congenital abnormalities of the intestine, and how do they differ?
stenosis ( incomplete occlusion of the lumen) and atresia (complete occlusion of the lumen)
Atresia coli is the complete occlusion of the colon. in Holstein calves, where does it most commonly occur?
the spiral colon
Atresia ani describes an imperforate anus. it is hereditary to what two species?
calves and pigs
what is the most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract?
atresia ani
What is atresia ani often associated with?
additional malformations (distal spinal column, congenital deformities of the genitourinary tract, intestinal atresia or agenesis)
What are the four types of ACQUIRED intestinal obstruction
luminal, mural, external, or functional
what is a trichobezoar
mass of hair that accumulates in the GI tract
what is a phytobezoar
mass of plant matter that accumulates in the GI tract
Name the 5 things that can cause a luminal obstruction in the intestines
- Foreign bodies
- trichobezoars/phytobezoars
- enteroliths
4.parasites - colonic impaction
A cat presents at necropsy with intestinal pleating. What was the most likely cause of death?
intestinal luminal obstruction due to a linear foreign body (ie a string)
what is an enterolith
mineralizations of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate
Where do intestinal luminal obstructions most commonly occur in horses
at the pelvic flexure or the transverse/small colon (due to narrowing and change of direction)
what are the two types of mural obstruction of the intestine?
- jejunal hematoma in dairy cattle
2.rectal stricture in pigs
What species commonly suffers from jejunal hematoma
adult dairy cattle
An adult dairy cow presents with segmental intramural and luminal hemorrhage of the short section of the jejunum. What is your diagnosis
jejunal hematoma
What bacteria species causes rectal stricture in pigs
Salmonella typhimurium
A pig presents at necropsy with necrotizing proctitis, ischemia, and damage to the rectal blood vessels. what is this condition called, and what is it secondary to?
rectal stricture, caused by salmonella typhimurium
What is a common extramural cause of intestinal obstruction in horses?
Equine strangulating lipomas
what is the step-wise progression of necrosis caused by intestinal displacement>
displacement -> incarceration -> strangulation -> ischemia -> necrosis
what is incarceration
fixation of a hernia or entrapped contents that can’t be corrected
what is a volvulus
twist in the intestine on the mesenteric axis
what is torsion
twist about the long axis of the viscus