Monocytosis & Monocytopenia Flashcards
Monocytosis –>
increased number of monocytes in the blood
monocytosis occurs in response to
chronic infections, autoimmune disorders, proliferation of macrophages can occur in tissues
sarcoidosis
proliferation of macrophages in tissues
Monocytopenia –>
low number of monocytes in the blood.
monoctypenia occurs in response to…
chemotherapy and endotoxemia
Origin and maturation of Mononuclear Phagocytes
fetus
HSC in fetus/yolk sac —> embryonic tissue mac precursor –> through blood –> differentiation into tissue kinds
(sinosoidal cells, kupfer cells, microglial cells, alveolar cells)
Origin and maturation of Mononuclear Phagocytes
adult
HSC in bone marrow –> monocyte/dendritic cell precursor –> monoblast –> monocyte –> macrophage
Macrophages: where are they found? how common? what do they do exactly?
not in circulation, but in tissues
ubiquitous
phagocytosis + APC
Macrophage expresses ___________ receptors
PRR and scavanger receptors
What kind of molecular signals do macrophages detect?
danger signals in the form of pathogens, foreign substances (silica/asbestos etc), dead dying cells
in what systems are MOs active?
both innate and adaptive
MO PRRs stimulate the production of cytokines ___ and ___
TNF and IL-1beta
MO roles
would repair
cytokines/chemokines (leukocyte recruitment)
deposition of extracellular matrix components at sites of injury
what are MO cytokines that push for the development of TH1 cells?
IL-12, TNF, IL-23
“feedback loop” with T cells
IL-12, TNF, IL-23 amplifies Th1 cells to produce IFN-gamma
