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Immunology Med School wk 1 > Introduction to the Immune system pt II > Flashcards

Introduction to the Immune system pt II Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the innate immune system do we expect to be functioning within the first 6 hours of an infection?

A

phagocytes, complement, physical barriers

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2
Q

What parts of the innate immune system do we expect to be functioning within the first 12 hours of an infection?

A

phagocytes, complement, physical barriers, and NK cells

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3
Q

How long does it take for lymphocytes to undergo proliferation in response to an APC or a pathogen?

A

4 days

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4
Q

How long does it take for antibodies and effector cells to be produced by effector cells?

A

around 7 days

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5
Q

How long does an adaptive immune response take?

A

from days to weeks?

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6
Q

Humoral response is

A

extracellular and uses Abs

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7
Q

Cell mediate response is

A

intracellular and uses T cell-APC interactions

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8
Q

“generative lymphoid organs” include

A

thymus and bone marrow

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9
Q

“peripheral lymphoid organs” include

A

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal/cutaneous lymphoid tissues

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10
Q

All B lymphocytes develop from ____ during ____ of the ____

A

precursors formed allthrough the life of the person

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11
Q

All T lymphocytes are generated in the ____ during the _____

A

thymus during the fetal stage

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12
Q

BCRs are what, and what do they recognize?

A

B cell receptors

they recognize carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

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13
Q

Plasma cells do what

A

effector cells of B cell lineage: produce antibodies

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14
Q

Abs are secreted where?

A

into circulation and in the mucosal tissue

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15
Q

what do Abs do?

A

neutralize and eliminate extracellular microbes and microbial toxins

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16
Q

name the “3 big” things about Abs

A

they neutralize, eliminate, immobilize pathogens

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17
Q

What do T cell’s recognize, and with what?

A

peptides in primary formation only

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18
Q

What are the two kinds of T cells and what are their traits?

A

Helper T cells (which express CD4)

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19
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A

they can activate macrophages, initiate inflammation, stimulate proliferation/differentiation of B/T lymphocytes

20
Q

What do cytotoxic T cells do?

A

directly kill infected cells

21
Q

How do T cells activate macs?

A

IFN-gamma

22
Q

What are the “3” steps involved in antigen capture for an APC?

A

1) capture
2) processing
3) presenting Ags

23
Q

Professional APCs include

A

MOs, dendritic cells, B cells

24
Q

Non-professional APCs include

A

all nucleated cells in the body except the above listed

25
Q

What do professional APCs activate?

A

both helper T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes

26
Q

what do non-professional APCs activate?

A

only cytotoxic lymphocytes

27
Q

what happens to the non-professional APC after infection and interaction with a CTL?

A

they are directly destroyed

28
Q

Blood born versus epithelial pathogens

A

epithelial pathogens are phagocytised in the epithelia, where they are then transported to a lymph node to display to a T cell

blood born pathogens are carried through the circulatory system to the spleen to be presented

29
Q

the lymph node captures antigens from the

A

epithelium and connective tissues

30
Q

the spleen captures antigens from the

A

blood

31
Q

passage of an Ag in the lymph through/to the lymph node

A

APC cell (dendrites) carries Ag through lymph system through Afferent lymphatic vessels to the T cell zones, where they present to T cells

free-floating Ags are delivered to the B cell zones in the cortex

32
Q

Two ways Ag can be delivered to the lymph node:

free floating and via dendrite

explain

A

APCs deliver Ag to T cells

free floating Ags delivered to B cells

33
Q

PALs consist of what cells

A

BOTH the immediate T cells around the artery and the B cells a little further out

34
Q

white pulp =

A

T cells surrounding artery and lymphoid follicles

35
Q

MHC complexes: what are they

A

I and II

class I MHC is expressed by all nonprofessional APCs 
class II MHC is expressed by all professional APCs
36
Q

who recognizes which mhc class?

A

Th cells express CD4; rec MHC II and MHC 1

CTLs express CD; rec MHC 1

37
Q

which cells express MHC, BCRs, and TCRs?

A

MO and DCs express MHC class I and II
T cells express class I MHC but not class II or BCRs
B cells express both MHC I and II, BCR but no TCR
Granulocytes express Class I MHC
Erythrocytes do express anything

38
Q

the TCR has two grooves: what for?

A

one is for the polymorphic region of the MHC molecule

one is for the residue of the peptide being presented

39
Q

the MHC has one pocket, one structural peg, and an informal peg

A

the informal is the peptide being carried to the TCR
the formal is a polymorphic region that interacts with the TCR
there is a binding groove for the “anchoring” residue

40
Q

peptides bind to MHC molecules how?

A

by anchor residues

41
Q

Class I MHC Ag presentation pathway

what kinds of ags
to whom are they presented
NB!
who expresses them

A

Intracellular pathogen molecules
CTLs “only”
MHC I will never be “empty” of an Ag if expressed
all nucleated non-professional cells

42
Q

Class II MHC Ag presentation pathway

A

only expressed by professional APCs

MOs, dendritic cells, B cells

43
Q

microbial Ags are taken up by phagocytosis and endocytosis. who does what

A

macrophages phagocytize; B cells and dendritics take up via endocytosis

44
Q

to whom are Ag-loaded MHC II cells taken?

A

Th

45
Q

Phases of Adaptive Response (5)

A

1) Ag recognition –> Ag recognized
2) Lymphocyte activation –> clonal expansion AND differentiation into effector T lymphocytes/Plasma cells
3) Effector phase –> humoral/cell mediate response –> elimination of antigens
4) Decline (homeostasis) –> apoptosis
5) memory –> surviving cells

46
Q

how does the immune response decline?

A

as Ag presence declines, apoptosis of effectors increases

Immunology Med School wk 1 (36 decks)

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