HDM II Neutrophils/Monocytes

Question 1

PMNs

Answer 1

polymorphonuclear leukocytes = neutrophils, a phagocyte

Question 2

how abundant are PMNs?

Answer 2

most abundant leukocyte in the blood
4K-10K/ml
in response to infection, rapidly upward to 20K

Question 3

PMNs are stimulated by

Answer 3

cytokines called colony stimulating factors

Question 4

CSFs act on

Answer 4

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 5

what makes neutrophils significant?

Answer 5

first responders to an infection, particularly bacterial and fungal. they are phagocytic

Question 6

neutrophils are the dominant cells of

Answer 6

acute inflammation

Question 7

neutrophil life span

Answer 7

very short, few hours in tissue. make up pus

Question 8

monocyte abundency

Answer 8

.5K-1K

Question 9

monocytes are

Answer 9

phagocytic. enter extravascular tissues and morph into macrophages. survive for a long time

Question 10

____ monocytes –> _____ macrophages

Answer 10

blood monocytes –> tissue macrophages

Question 11

where are resident macrophages found?

Answer 11

in all tissues of the body

Question 12

what do macrophages do?

Answer 12

produce cytokines, initiate/regulate inflammation. ingest/destroy microbes. clear dead tissue, initiate process of tissue repair

Question 13

two kinds of mac activation

Answer 13

1) classical = M1 2) alternative = M2

Question 14

M1

Answer 14

classical macrophage activation
induced by innate and adaptive immune signals

TLRs and cytokine IFN-gamma

involved in destroying microbes and triggering inflammation

Question 15

IFN-gamma —>

Answer 15

induces M1 activation

Question 16

alternative macrophage activation

Answer 16

occurs in the absence of strong TLR signals

induced by IL-4, IL-12

more about tissue repair and inflammation-control

Question 17

IL-4 and IL-13 —>

Answer 17

M2 activation