Cytokines of Innate Immunity

Question 1

TNF: principle cell source, targets, biological effects

Answer 1

macrophages, T cells

targets: endothelial cells (inflammation and coagulation)
neutrophils: activation
hypothalamus: fever
liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins

muscle, fat: catabolism (cachexia)

many cell types: apotosis

Question 2

IL-1

Answer 2

Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells

targets: endothelial cells (inflammation/coagulation)
hypothalamus: fever
liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins

Question 3

Chemokines

Answer 3

macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets

Leukocytes: chemotaxis, activation

Question 4

IL-12

Answer 4

Macrophages and Dendritic cells

activation of macrophages, stimulation of some antibody responses

Question 5

IFN-gamma

Answer 5

NK cells, T lymphocytes

activation of macrophages
stimulation of some antibodies

Question 6

Type I IFNs (alpha/beta)

Answer 6

IFN-alpha (macrophages)
IFN-beta (fibroblasts)

antiviral for all cells
increased class 1 MHC expression
activation of NK cells

Question 7

IL-10

Answer 7

Macrophages, T cells

Macrophages: inhibition of IL-12 production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules

Question 8

IL-6

Answer 8

macrophages, endothelial cells, t cells

liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
B cells: proliferation of antibody producing cells

Question 9

IL-15

Answer 9

macrophages, others

NK cell proliferation
T cell proliferation

Question 10

IL-18

Answer 10

Macrophage

NK and T cell synthesis of IFN-gamma