Module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What do S. aureus and S. pyogenes have in common?

a - they both produce coagulase
b - they both secrete catalase
c - they are both Gram + cocci
d - they are both ‘lactic acid bacteria’ (pyruvate –> lactate)
e - all of these are shared properties

A

c - they are both Gram + cocci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a gram + cocci that grows in pairs and chains using “fermentation”

A

streptococcus bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

all streptococci are Gram + ___ that tolerate ___ oxygen and acid

A

fermenters, low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F many streptococci are normal flora, oral and intestinal, on moist skin , and used to make fermented foods

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what components of streptococci are used to evade phagocytosis

A

capsules & M proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do S. pyogenes (G.A.S) cause

A
  • strep throat
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • necrotizing fasciitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do S. pneumonia cause

A
  • upper respiratory
  • most common meningitis

‘mitis’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do S. mutans & S. sobrinus cause

A
  • dental caries
  • periodontal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does pyogenic mean

A

pus forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what bacteria is in the pygoenic group

A

s. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what bacteria are in the viridans

A

s. pneumonia, s. mutans, & s. sobrinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

group a strep is what kind of hemolytic

A

beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

s. pneumoniae & s. mutans are what kind of hemolytic

A

alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what strep group is the bacteria that dentist worry about releasing during dental procedures because it can cause endocarditis

A

s. oralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do s. pyogenes exchange DNA and how does this effect the mutation rates

A
  • transformation
  • increases during adaptation to host tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the diseases that s. pyogenes can cause

A
  • PHARYNGITIS
  • septicemias
  • impetigo
  • NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
  • SCARLET FEVER
  • pneumonia
  • RHEUMATIC FEVER
  • glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to the heart valve tissues

A

rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the disease that involves immune complexes depositing in the kidney causing transient inflammation

A

glomerulonephritis

19
Q

what are the skin and soft tissue infections of S. pyogenes

A
  • impetigo / cellulitis
  • erysipelas
  • necrotizing fasciitis
  • streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
20
Q

what are the respiratory infections of S. pyogenes

A
  • pharyngitis
  • scarlet fever
  • pneumonia
21
Q

what is scarlet fever

A

a childs reaction to secreted toxins in the blood

22
Q

how does S. pyogenes pneumonia occur

A
  • preceded by viral infection
  • travels to lungs from URT
  • rapidly fatal even with appropriate antibiotic therapy
23
Q

what is an acute-onset illness characterized by fever, hypotension, sunburn-like rash, and end-organ damage

A

toxic shock syndrome

24
Q

what are the clinical features of toxic shock syndrome

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting

progress to
- sepsis w/ hypotension
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- specific organ failure

25
what is toxic shock syndrome caused by
bacteria entering the blood stream and secreting super-antigen proteins that are able to lock T-cells onto antigen presenting cells
26
what are the virulence factors of S. pyogenes
- cell wall - M protein - conventional capsule - endotoxins
27
what are the M proteins
long fibrillar molecules that extend out from the surface of the cell and create a protein capsule
28
what is the function of the M proteins
inhibits complement fixation and opsonization and thus inhibits phagocytosis
29
what is the conventional capsule of s. pyogenes
polysaccharide polymer that is anti-phagocytic
30
what are the 2 endotoxin virulence factors of s. pyogenes
- cytolytic toxins - pyrogenic exotoxins
31
what exotoxin causes beta-lysis on blood agar
cytolytic toxin = "streptolysin"
32
what is the exotoxin super-antigen that causes scarlet fever
pyrogenic exotoxin
33
what does pyrogenic mean
fever-producing
34
what do pyrogenic exotoxins do
- rash & fever of scarlet fever - cause toxic shock - stimulates cytokine production in macrophages causing inflammation
35
what are pyrogenic exotoxins produced by
only by strains lysogenized with specific phages
36
what does protein G do
binds to Fc of immunoglobulin and interferes with opsonization and ultimately blocks phagocytosis
37
how is s. pyogenes transmitted
- respiratory droplets - exchanging secretions via close physical contact - direct skin contact
38
what is the treatment for s. pyogenes
topical antibiotics - penicillins & cephalosporins
39
T/F there is a vaccine for S. pyogenes, but not for s. pneumoniae
false - there are NO vaccines for S. pyogenes, only for S. pneumoniae
40
how do you adjust the treatment if there is a more invasive disease or STSS
increase penicillin G dose & may add clindamycin
41
*****what is the difference between greek and roman/latin letter (A, B, etc.) designations for groups of streptococci? a - greek indicated different species in the genus b - roman indicate different serotypes c - greek indicate different hemolysis patterns d - b&c
d - b&c
42
what are the important post-infection sequelae in streptococcus pyogenes (G.A.S.) disease? a - scarlet fever b - rheumatic fever c - glomerulonephritis d - b&c e - all of these
d - b&c
43
what are the secreted damaging enzymes causing hemolysis on blood agar generically called? a - streptolysins b - Spe proteins c - pyrogenic toxins d - G proteins
a - streptolysins