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Microbiology & Immunology > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do S. aureus and S. pyogenes have in common?

a - they both produce coagulase
b - they both secrete catalase
c - they are both Gram + cocci
d - they are both ‘lactic acid bacteria’ (pyruvate –> lactate)
e - all of these are shared properties

A

c - they are both Gram + cocci

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2
Q

what is a gram + cocci that grows in pairs and chains using “fermentation”

A

streptococcus bacteria

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3
Q

all streptococci are Gram + ___ that tolerate ___ oxygen and acid

A

fermenters, low

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4
Q

T/F many streptococci are normal flora, oral and intestinal, on moist skin , and used to make fermented foods

A

true

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5
Q

what components of streptococci are used to evade phagocytosis

A

capsules & M proteins

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6
Q

what do S. pyogenes (G.A.S) cause

A
  • strep throat
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • necrotizing fasciitis
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7
Q

what do S. pneumonia cause

A
  • upper respiratory
  • most common meningitis

‘mitis’

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8
Q

what do S. mutans & S. sobrinus cause

A
  • dental caries
  • periodontal disease
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9
Q

what does pyogenic mean

A

pus forming

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10
Q

what bacteria is in the pygoenic group

A

s. pyogenes

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11
Q

what bacteria are in the viridans

A

s. pneumonia, s. mutans, & s. sobrinus

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12
Q

group a strep is what kind of hemolytic

A

beta

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13
Q

s. pneumoniae & s. mutans are what kind of hemolytic

A

alpha

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14
Q

what strep group is the bacteria that dentist worry about releasing during dental procedures because it can cause endocarditis

A

s. oralis

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15
Q

how do s. pyogenes exchange DNA and how does this effect the mutation rates

A
  • transformation
  • increases during adaptation to host tissues
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16
Q

what are the diseases that s. pyogenes can cause

A
  • PHARYNGITIS
  • septicemias
  • impetigo
  • NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
  • SCARLET FEVER
  • pneumonia
  • RHEUMATIC FEVER
  • glomerulonephritis
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17
Q

what is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to the heart valve tissues

A

rheumatic fever

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18
Q

what is the disease that involves immune complexes depositing in the kidney causing transient inflammation

A

glomerulonephritis

19
Q

what are the skin and soft tissue infections of S. pyogenes

A
  • impetigo / cellulitis
  • erysipelas
  • necrotizing fasciitis
  • streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
20
Q

what are the respiratory infections of S. pyogenes

A
  • pharyngitis
  • scarlet fever
  • pneumonia
21
Q

what is scarlet fever

A

a childs reaction to secreted toxins in the blood

22
Q

how does S. pyogenes pneumonia occur

A
  • preceded by viral infection
  • travels to lungs from URT
  • rapidly fatal even with appropriate antibiotic therapy
23
Q

what is an acute-onset illness characterized by fever, hypotension, sunburn-like rash, and end-organ damage

A

toxic shock syndrome

24
Q

what are the clinical features of toxic shock syndrome

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • headache
  • nausea
  • vomiting

progress to
- sepsis w/ hypotension
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- specific organ failure

25
Q

what is toxic shock syndrome caused by

A

bacteria entering the blood stream and secreting super-antigen proteins that are able to lock T-cells onto antigen presenting cells

26
Q

what are the virulence factors of S. pyogenes

A
  • cell wall
  • M protein
  • conventional capsule
  • endotoxins
27
Q

what are the M proteins

A

long fibrillar molecules that extend out from the surface of the cell and create a protein capsule

28
Q

what is the function of the M proteins

A

inhibits complement fixation and opsonization and thus inhibits phagocytosis

29
Q

what is the conventional capsule of s. pyogenes

A

polysaccharide polymer that is anti-phagocytic

30
Q

what are the 2 endotoxin virulence factors of s. pyogenes

A
  • cytolytic toxins
  • pyrogenic exotoxins
31
Q

what exotoxin causes beta-lysis on blood agar

A

cytolytic toxin = “streptolysin”

32
Q

what is the exotoxin super-antigen that causes scarlet fever

A

pyrogenic exotoxin

33
Q

what does pyrogenic mean

A

fever-producing

34
Q

what do pyrogenic exotoxins do

A
  • rash & fever of scarlet fever
  • cause toxic shock
  • stimulates cytokine production in macrophages causing inflammation
35
Q

what are pyrogenic exotoxins produced by

A

only by strains lysogenized with specific phages

36
Q

what does protein G do

A

binds to Fc of immunoglobulin and interferes with opsonization and ultimately blocks phagocytosis

37
Q

how is s. pyogenes transmitted

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • exchanging secretions via close physical contact
  • direct skin contact
38
Q

what is the treatment for s. pyogenes

A

topical antibiotics - penicillins & cephalosporins

39
Q

T/F there is a vaccine for S. pyogenes, but not for s. pneumoniae

A

false - there are NO vaccines for S. pyogenes, only for S. pneumoniae

40
Q

how do you adjust the treatment if there is a more invasive disease or STSS

A

increase penicillin G dose & may add clindamycin

41
Q

*****what is the difference between greek and roman/latin letter (A, B, etc.) designations for groups of streptococci?

a - greek indicated different species in the genus
b - roman indicate different serotypes
c - greek indicate different hemolysis patterns
d - b&c

A

d - b&c

42
Q

what are the important post-infection sequelae in streptococcus pyogenes (G.A.S.) disease?

a - scarlet fever
b - rheumatic fever
c - glomerulonephritis
d - b&c
e - all of these

A

d - b&c

43
Q

what are the secreted damaging enzymes causing hemolysis on blood agar generically called?

a - streptolysins
b - Spe proteins
c - pyrogenic toxins
d - G proteins

A

a - streptolysins

Microbiology & Immunology (23 decks)

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