Module 13 Flashcards by Mallory Housman

which of these are bacterial infections for which there are NO vaccines?

a - mycobacterium tuberculosis
b - corneybacterium diptheria
c - staphylococcus aureus
d - streptococcus pneumoniae
e - streptococcus pyogenes
f - c & e

f - c & e

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when they are pathogens, ___ more typically cause less complex, single diseases

Gram + rods

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clostridium tetani produces ___

tetanus toxin

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what does Gram + cell wall have instead of LPS

teichoic acid

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are lactobacilli normal flora

yes

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are clostridia normal flora

yes

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are listeria normal flora

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are actinomyces normal flora

yes

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are corynebacteria normal flora

yes

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is mycobacteria normal flora

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are bacilli normal flora

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what are the two spore forming Gram + rod bacteria

clostridia & bacilli

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is clostridia anaerobic or aerobic

anaerobic

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is bacilli anaerobic or aerobic

aerobic

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what is mycobacteria associated with

TB & leprosy

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what is actinomyces associated with

face & neck granular abcesses

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what is listeria associated with

packaged meats

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what bacteria are ‘good’ for you

lactobacilli

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how do lactobacilli get there energy

conversion of glucose to lactic acid by fermentation

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where are lactobacilli found

oral, vaginal, GI tract

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what bacteria is likely beneficial, involved in immunomodulation interference with enteric pathogens and help maintain other healthy microflora and can inhibit cariogenic enzymes in strep

lactobacilli

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what bacteria is the first bacteria to colonize newborns and dominates for the first 3 years

bifidobacterium

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clostridia is resistant to

heat, drying, chemicals, radiation

remain viable for thousands of years

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when does clostridia form endospores

when the bacteria runs out of nutrients causing stationary growth

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what is a Gram + spore-former

clostridia

all species of clostridium are found widely distributed in ___

soil

what are the 2 neurotoxic clostridia

c. botulinum & c. tetani

what does c. botulinum produce

botulism toxin

what does c. tetani produce

tetanus toxin

what bacteria is associated with cellulitis, gas gangrene + food poisioning

c. perfringens

what bacteria is associated with pseudomembranous colitis

c. difficile

what bacteria are small Gram + rods or coccobacilli that are commonly found living in soil-plant environments but can grow INSIDE the host cells

listeria

what is the only species of listeria

l. monocytogenes

how is listeria obtained

commercial food-borne transmission ingested by animals, amplified in the environment, or packaged food

what are spores

an asymmetric cell division where the bacteria becomes very resistant to steam, chemicals, and radiation

listeria is a ___

facultative anaerobe

what environment does listeria prefer

colder temperatures

listeria monocytogenes only causes ___

superficial gastroenteritis

when can listeria be deadly

- immunocompromised - elderly - babies - pregnant individuals

what is an important characteristic of listeria monocytogenes

transplacental or "congenital"

what is the most dental relevant Gram + rod

actinomyces

what bacteria is a Gram + filamentous branching bacilli

actinomyces

where are actinomyces normally present

gingival crevice & gut

what is actinomyces involved in

oral and facial swellings

what is a rare CHRONIC suppurative and granulomatous infection that causes cervicofacial lesions and hard non-tender swellings which drain pus through sinus tracts along the jaw and neck

actinomycosis

in actinomycosis the affected individual often has recently had ___

- dental work - poor oral hygiene - periodontal disease - radiation therapy - trauma

what are the characteristics of actinomyces

yellow "sulfur" granules in pus

how is actinomycosis diagnosed

largely Gram + staining lesion with sulfur granules indicated by CT/MRI or surgical biopsy

what is the treatment of actinomycosis

longer and higher beta-lactam antibiotics or doxycycline & surgery to biopsy and remove

what bacteria are common and abundant Gram + rods of the normal flora of the URT & skin

corynebacteria (diphtheroids)

corynebacteria have a ___ arrangement

palisading rod / Chinese letter

what is the shape of corynebacterium diptheriae

irregular or club shaped Gram + rod

what does corynebacterium diptheriae cause

diptheria

corynebacterium diptheriae are ___ that do NOT form __

aerobes, spores

what does corynebacterium diptheriae produce

soluble toxin encoded by lysogenic bacteriophages

what is the trivalent vaccine against

- diphtheria toxoid - pertussis - tetanus toxoid

what bacteria is Gram + rod that are usually aerobes and form spores

bacillus

what are the 2 medically important bacillus

b. anthracis b. cereus

what does bacillus anthracis cause

anthrax

what does bacillus cereus cause

food poisoning

what are the virulence factors of bacillus anthracis

capsule & endotoxins & intracellular germination of spores in hosts

what are the 3 types of bacillus anthracis

cutaneous, pulmonary, & gastrointestinal

where is bacillus anthracis prevelant

among individuals working with animal hides and animals

what bacteria is Gram + irregular thin rods and is acid-fast stained

mycobacteria

what does mycobacteria posses

mycolic acid & complex glycolipids

what does mycobacteria lack

flagella & spores

T/F there are many mycobacteria in the environment and most are pathogens

false - there are many mycobacteria in the environment with only a couple pathogens

what are the virulence factors of mycobacteria

- glucan capsule - mycolic acids

what is acid fast staining

staining that exhibits the property of the complex glycolipids of the bacteria to maintain the red staining of the cell wall when decolorized with acid-alcohol

what does m. tuberculosis have a unique capacity for

lipid metabolism

what bacteria is Gram +, acid fast, intracellular, with no environmental reservoir

m. tuberculosis

all the damage produced by m. tuberculosis is ___

delayed-type hypersensitivity

m. tuberculosis lacks __

- damaging exoenzymes - LPS - overt toxins

TB is highly contagious but only directly through ___

air by spending time near an actively coughing individual

which of these Gram + rods form spores? (multiple answers) a - listeria b - bacillus c - corynebacterium d - clostridium e - mycobacterium f - lactobacillus

b -bacillus & d - clostridium

which of these is a strict anaerobe? a - clostridium b - bacillus c - corynebacterium d - listeria

a - clostridium

T/F - teichoic acids are always inflammatory

false - in the cell wall of lactobacillus it may help regulate immune responses

which of these are intracellular bacteria? (multiple answers) a - bacillus anthracis b - listeria monocytogenes c - clostridium perfringes d - lactobacillus acidophilus e - mycobacterium tuberculosis

a - bacillus b - listeria monocytogenes e - mycobacterium tuberculosis