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Microbiology & Immunology > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

who discovered a “transforming factor” transferred between streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Fredrick Griffith

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2
Q

What do S. aureus & A. pyogenes have in common?

a - they both produce coagulase
b - they both secrete catalase
c - both can cause toxic shock syndrome
d - both have a protein G that binds antibodies
e - all of these are shared properties

A

c - both cause toxic shock syndrome

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3
Q

S, pneumoniae is frequently isolated as ___

A

normal flora from upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals

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4
Q

s. pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of ___ in infants and children

A

otitis media

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5
Q

s. pneumoniae is a common cause of ___ and ___ in all ages

A

bacteremia, meningitis

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6
Q

___ and ___ streps show partial or no hemolysis

A

mitis & mutans

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7
Q

what is incomplete lysis of RBCs with a zone of greening or darkening under and around colonies

A

alpha hemolysis

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8
Q

s. pneumoniae is a ___ strep of normal flora but is also an important ___

A

mitis, pathogen

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9
Q

what does s. pneumoniae cuase

A
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis
  • otitis media
  • sinusitis
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10
Q

what is the microscopic morphology of s. pneumoniae

A

gram + diplococci

DOES NOT FORM CHAINS

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11
Q

s. pneumoniae are potentially ___, although they can live without issue in the ___

A

invasive, URT

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12
Q

what is the main disease caused by s. pneumoniae

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia

A
  • rapid onset of shaking, chills, fever, cough with copious “rusty” sputum
  • x-ray shows heavy consolidation
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14
Q

As with both S. oralis and s. aureua, there is potential for pneumococcal pneumonia to lead to ___ and then ___

A
  • bacteremia
  • meningitis or endocarditis or septic arthritis
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15
Q

how does meningitis occur

A

bacterial spread from pleura via lymphatics to bloodstream to meninges

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16
Q

all isolates of s. pneumoniae should be tested for resistance to __ due to its increasing emergence

A

penicillin

17
Q

what are the virulence factors of s. pneumoniae

A
  • capsule
  • exotosins
18
Q

what is the major virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

A

capsule

19
Q

what is the function of the bacterial capsule

A
  • anti-phagocytic
  • blocks bacterial surface antigens
20
Q

non-encapsulated rough strains of s. pneumoniae are typically seen in the healthy __

A

URT

21
Q

what is the exotoxin virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

A

pneumolysin

22
Q

pneumolysin is only observed _____

A

anaerobically

23
Q

what is the oxygen-labile hemolysin that cross-reacts with streptolysin O and is hemolytic and kills phagocytes

A

pneumolysin

24
Q

what is the enzyme virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

A

IgA1 protease

25
Q

what is the function of IgA1 protease

A

aids in colonization of mucosal surfaces through cleavage of sIgA

26
Q

how many common isolates is the old vaccine PPV purified from

A

23

27
Q

how many common isolates is the heptavalent conjugate vaccine PCV7 purified from

A

7

28
Q

what is a characteristic of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine PCV7

A

conjugated to a protein

29
Q

the old vaccine PPV works well in ___ but has no response in ___

A

adults, children <2 years old

30
Q

how many common isolates is the PCV13 conjugate vaccine purified from

A

13

31
Q

Which is correct in terms of the relative pathogenic potential of s. pneumoniae and s. oralis?

a - all of these
b - s. oralis can cause heart valve infections
c - s. pneumoniae can cause heart valve infections
d -s. pneumoniae is able to cause many diseases

A

a - all of these

32
Q

what is the simplest way to definitively identify streptococcus pneumoniae causing characteristic disease?

a - distinct cell shape and arrangement
b - gram + coccus
c - catalase negative
d - coagulase negative Gram + coccus

A

a - distinct cell shape & arrangement

diplococci

33
Q

the pneumococcus is alpha hemolytic unless

a - grown on defined lactose media
b - grown to stationary phase
c - deprived of nutrients
d - grown anaerobically

A

d - grown anaerobically

34
Q

which pair of infectious diseases caused by s. pneumoniae are caused as frequently by other bacteria?

a - endocarditis and arthritis
b - meningitis and ear infection
c - bacteremia and impetigo
d - all of these

A

d - all of these

Microbiology & Immunology (23 decks)

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