Module 10

Question 1

who discovered a “transforming factor” transferred between streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 1

Fredrick Griffith

Question 2

What do S. aureus & A. pyogenes have in common?

a - they both produce coagulase
b - they both secrete catalase
c - both can cause toxic shock syndrome
d - both have a protein G that binds antibodies
e - all of these are shared properties

Answer 2

c - both cause toxic shock syndrome

Question 3

S, pneumoniae is frequently isolated as ___

Answer 3

normal flora from upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals

Question 4

s. pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of ___ in infants and children

Answer 4

otitis media

Question 5

s. pneumoniae is a common cause of ___ and ___ in all ages

Answer 5

bacteremia, meningitis

Question 6

___ and ___ streps show partial or no hemolysis

Answer 6

mitis & mutans

Question 7

what is incomplete lysis of RBCs with a zone of greening or darkening under and around colonies

Answer 7

alpha hemolysis

Question 8

s. pneumoniae is a ___ strep of normal flora but is also an important ___

Answer 8

mitis, pathogen

Question 9

what does s. pneumoniae cuase

Answer 9

• pneumonia
• meningitis
• otitis media
• sinusitis

Question 10

what is the microscopic morphology of s. pneumoniae

Answer 10

gram + diplococci

DOES NOT FORM CHAINS

Question 11

s. pneumoniae are potentially ___, although they can live without issue in the ___

Answer 11

invasive, URT

Question 12

what is the main disease caused by s. pneumoniae

Answer 12

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 13

what are the symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 13

• rapid onset of shaking, chills, fever, cough with copious “rusty” sputum
• x-ray shows heavy consolidation

Question 14

As with both S. oralis and s. aureua, there is potential for pneumococcal pneumonia to lead to ___ and then ___

Answer 14

• bacteremia
• meningitis or endocarditis or septic arthritis

Question 15

how does meningitis occur

Answer 15

bacterial spread from pleura via lymphatics to bloodstream to meninges

Question 16

all isolates of s. pneumoniae should be tested for resistance to __ due to its increasing emergence

Answer 16

penicillin

Question 17

what are the virulence factors of s. pneumoniae

Answer 17

• capsule
• exotosins

Question 18

what is the major virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

Answer 18

capsule

Question 19

what is the function of the bacterial capsule

Answer 19

• anti-phagocytic
• blocks bacterial surface antigens

Question 20

non-encapsulated rough strains of s. pneumoniae are typically seen in the healthy __

Answer 20

URT

Question 21

what is the exotoxin virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

Answer 21

pneumolysin

Question 22

pneumolysin is only observed _____

Answer 22

anaerobically

Question 23

what is the oxygen-labile hemolysin that cross-reacts with streptolysin O and is hemolytic and kills phagocytes

Answer 23

pneumolysin

Question 24

what is the enzyme virulence factor of s. pneumoniae

Answer 24

IgA1 protease

Question 25

what is the function of IgA1 protease

Answer 25

aids in colonization of mucosal surfaces through cleavage of sIgA

Question 26

how many common isolates is the old vaccine PPV purified from

Answer 26

23

Question 27

how many common isolates is the heptavalent conjugate vaccine PCV7 purified from

Answer 27

7

Question 28

what is a characteristic of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine PCV7

Answer 28

conjugated to a protein

Question 29

the old vaccine PPV works well in ___ but has no response in ___

Answer 29

adults, children <2 years old

Question 30

how many common isolates is the PCV13 conjugate vaccine purified from

Answer 30

13

Question 31

Which is correct in terms of the relative pathogenic potential of s. pneumoniae and s. oralis? a - all of these b - s. oralis can cause heart valve infections c - s. pneumoniae can cause heart valve infections d -s. pneumoniae is able to cause many diseases

Answer 31

a - all of these

Question 32

what is the simplest way to definitively identify streptococcus pneumoniae causing characteristic disease? a - distinct cell shape and arrangement b - gram + coccus c - catalase negative d - coagulase negative Gram + coccus

Answer 32

a - distinct cell shape & arrangement diplococci

Question 33

the pneumococcus is alpha hemolytic unless a - grown on defined lactose media b - grown to stationary phase c - deprived of nutrients d - grown anaerobically

Answer 33

d - grown anaerobically

Question 34

which pair of infectious diseases caused by s. pneumoniae are caused as frequently by other bacteria? a - endocarditis and arthritis b - meningitis and ear infection c - bacteremia and impetigo d - all of these

Answer 34

d - all of these