Module 8 Unit A - diabetes Flashcards
Rapid acting insulins
Lispro (Humalog)
glulisine (apidra)
aspart (Novolog)
Afrezza - inhaled
Humalog and Novolog onset, peak, duration
Rapid Acting
Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak: 0.75-3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours
Humulin R, Novolin N onset, peak, duration
Short-Acting
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak: 2-4 hours
Duration: 5-8 hours
Numulin N, Novolin N onset, peak, duration
Intermediate acting
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours
Lantus, levemir onset, peak, duration
long-acting
Onset: 1-2. hours
Peak: 4-8 hours (excluding lantus which has no peak)
Duration: 24 hours
Can you mix Lantus with other insulins?
No - it has no peak
Intermediate-acting combination insulin onset/peak/duration
Onset: 30 minutes
Peak: 0.5-12 hours
Duration: up to 24 hours
What type of insulin is used in the insulin pump?
Lispro (humalog)
BBW for inhaled insulin
Acute bronchospasm has been observed in patients with asthma and COPD using inhaled insulin. Contraindicated in patients with chronic lung disease
complications of insulin
hypoglycemia
hypokalemia
lipohypertrophy
Sulfonylureas
Glyburide (diabeta)
glimeperide (amaryl)
glipizide (glucotrol)
MOA of sulonylureas
Stimulate the pancreas to release insulin by increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin. They do require some insulin production for the drug to work.
Biguanides
Metformin (glucophage, fortamet)
MOA of biguanides (metformin)
Enhance insulin receptor sensitivity
decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis
Inhibit liver breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycoloysis)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors MOA
Precose, Glyset
Inhibit alpha-glucosidase, which causes a decrease in intestinal secretion of glucose
