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pharmacology > Module 4 Unit A > Flashcards

Module 4 Unit A Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide Diuretics - concerns

HCTZ

A

Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia (uric acid=gout)
Hyponatremia

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2
Q

Use caution with sulfa drugs

A

Thiazide diuretics

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3
Q

Do not combine with lithium

A

thiazide (HCTZ) - can cause lithium toxicity

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4
Q

Do not prescribe to people with renal failure or hypokalemia

A

Thiazide

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5
Q

Calcium sparing effects make this a good drug for women with osteoporosis

A

HCTZ - they also stimulate osteoblast activity

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6
Q

How does the MOA of diuretic classes differ?

A

They block sodium and chloride reabsorption from kidneys

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7
Q

electrolyte abnormalities that can occur with diuretics

A

hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia

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8
Q

How do loop diuretics work?

A
  1. Inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride pump of the kidneys

2. Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle and Proximal and distal tubules.

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9
Q

High risk for dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and hypotention

A 
Loop diuretics (Lasix)
greater than HCTZ
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10
Q

contraindicated in anuria

A

Loop diuretics

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11
Q

Black Box Warning for Lasix

A

Can lead to profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion

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12
Q

Work with a low GFR

A

loop diuretics

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13
Q

Black. Box Warning for ACE, ARB, ARNI

A

Can cause injury or death to developing fetus

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14
Q

Example of Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist or Potassium-sparing diuretic

A

Sprionolactone (Aldactone)

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15
Q

How does spironolactone work?

A

Blocks effects of aldosterone

block the reabsorption of sodium

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16
Q

Contraindicated in people with hyperkalemia (>5.5)

A

Aldactone (spironolactone)

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17
Q

ACE inhibitor indications

A

HTN, heart failure, diabetic neuropathy, MI

18
Q

Prototype ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

19
Q

Concerns with ACE inhibitors

A

Hyperkalemia, angioedema, Late-stage CKD

20
Q

Best choice for treatment of HTN in black patients

A

Calcium channel blockers or diuretics

21
Q

what drugs are safe in pregnancy?

A

Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, nifedipine), labetalol, methyldopa

22
Q

Use cautiously in diabetics - may potentiate hypoglycemia

A

Beta blockers

23
Q

Beta 1 receptors located primarily where?

A

Heart and kidneys

24
Q

Beta 2 receptors located primarily where?

A

lungs

25
Q

How do Beta blockers work

A
  • Block beta receptors which results in decreased cardiac output.
  • Block effects of epinephrine causing heart to beat slower and with less force.
26
Q

Best use for people with DM (can provide renal protection EARLY ON)

A

Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (losartan/cozaar)

27
Q

monitor closely for signs of worsening renal function - cause worsen renal function in patients with poor renal function.

A

Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers

28
Q

Cardio–selective beta-1 blockers

safe in lung disease

A

Atenolol

Metoprolol

29
Q

Non-selective beta blockers

Not safe in lung disease

A

Carvedilol

Propranolol

30
Q

Two types of Calcium channel blockers

A 
DHPs Nifedipine (Procardia)
non-DHP (Cardizem, Verapamil)
31
Q

Class of drugs used for Hypertension, angina, and cardiac dysrhythmias

A

Calcium channel blockers

32
Q

Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

A

flushing, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia, peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia

33
Q

Can cause significant constipation in elderly

A

Non-DHPs:
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Verapamil (Calan)

34
Q

Cannot be combined with Beta-adrenerbic blockers

A

Non-DHPs (calcium channel blocker) - cardizem, verapamil

35
Q

How do Aldosterone receptor antagonists work?

A

They block effect of aldosterone leading to blocking reabsorption of sodium.

36
Q

Side effects of aldactone (spironolactone)

A

Bind to other steroid receptors leading to hormone issues - erectile dysfunction, post-menopausal bleeding, etc.

37
Q

contraindication to Aldosterone receptor antagonists (spirinolactone/Aldactone)

A

Hyperkalemia

38
Q

Side effects of CCB

A

Peripheral edema
flushing
headaches
dizziness

39
Q

Risk factors for Angioedema

A 
H/O previous angioedema
>65 YO
Aspirin or NSAID use
female
smoking
seasonal allergies
40
Q

populations at greatest risk for Angioedema

A

Women and African Americans

41
Q

What drugs can cause angioedema

A

ACEI, ARBs, ARNIs, CCBs

pharmacology (26 decks)

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