Module 7 - CNS units DEF

Question 1

MOA of Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Answer 1

Suppresses sodium influx

Question 2

Mainstay treatment for partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in children and adults

Answer 2

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Question 3

Mainstay of treatment of tonic-clonic or partial seizures and simple and complex epilepsy

Answer 3

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Question 4

BBW for Tegretol

Answer 4

May cause Steven Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Asian patients at greater risk

Question 5

Safety consideration with Tegretol

Answer 5

Bone marrow suppression
Grapefruit juice causes elevated levels
can decrease effect of oral contraceptives and folic acid

Question 6

risk with ALL AEDs

Answer 6

increased depression

Question 7

Can phenytoin (Dilantin) be used in pregnancy?

Answer 7

No - category D

Question 8

BBW for Dilantin (phenytoin)

Answer 8

Rapid IV administration causes cardiac events

Question 9

Preferred medications for absence seizures

Answer 9

Succinimides:
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Valproid Acid (Depakote)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Question 10

Obtain platelet counts before initiating therapy

Answer 10

Depakote (valproic acid)

Question 11

MOA of succinimdes (depakote, zarontin, lamictal)

Answer 11

Block sodium channels and partly block calcium channels decreasing release of glutamate.

Question 12

AEDs are metabolized by CYP450 - Therefore:

Answer 12

They increase the metabolism of oral contraceptives leading to unplanned pregnancies

Question 13

Folic acid antagonist

Answer 13

Valproic acid

Question 14

Need to take calcium and vitamin D supplement with these drugs

Answer 14

Carbamazepine (tegretol)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
valproate (Depakote)

Question 15

Which AEDs are safe with breast feeding?

Answer 15

Ethosuximide (zarontin)
Carbamazepine (Tegratol)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Valproic acid (depakote)

Question 16

safety with Dilantin (phenytoin)

Answer 16

Hepatitis, teratogenic

Question 17

cholinesterase inhibitor used for mild to moderate AD

Answer 17

Donepezil (Aricept)

Question 18

Common side effects of donepezil

Answer 18

N/V/D, dizziness, weight loss, muscle cramps

- can also increase seizure risk (rare)-

Question 19

NMDA receptor agonist used for moderate to severe AD

Answer 19

Namenda (memantine)

Question 20

Side effects of Namenda

Answer 20

dizziness, headaches, constipation

Question 21

Can cause QT prlongation

Answer 21

THECDC:

Thioridiazine, haloperidol, escitalopram, citalopram, donepezil, chlorpromazine

Question 22

MOA of Namenda

Answer 22

Binds to NMDA receptor to stop influx of calcium related to steady leakage of glutamate

Question 23

First line treatment for ADHD

Answer 23

Stimulants:
Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine

Question 24

Second line treatment for ADHD

Answer 24

Non-stimulants:

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Question 25

Alpha 2A adrenergic agonists used for treatment of ADHD

Answer 25

Guanfacine

Clonidine

Question 26

antidepressants used to treat ADHD

Answer 26

TCAs

Bupropion

Question 27

MOA of stimulants
Ritalin, Concerta
Dextroamphetamine

Answer 27

Amplify norepinephrine and dopamine signals

Question 28

MOA of non-stimulants:

Strattera, Clonidine

Answer 28

Inhibits norepinephrine reuptake increasing NE

Question 29

Selective drugs for dopamine receptors in the treatment of PD

Answer 29

Non-ergot derivatives:
Apomorphine
Ropinirole
Rotigotine

Question 30

less-selective dopamine agonists for treatment of PD

Answer 30

Ergot derivatives:

Bromocriptine

Question 31

MOA of levodopa

Answer 31

Undergoes conversion to dopamine in the brain activating dopamine receptors.

Question 32

What does carbidopa do?

Answer 32

Blocks the destruction of levodopa in the periphery by inhibiting decarboxylases