Module 7 - CNS units DEF Flashcards
MOA of Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Suppresses sodium influx
Mainstay treatment for partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in children and adults
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Mainstay of treatment of tonic-clonic or partial seizures and simple and complex epilepsy
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
BBW for Tegretol
May cause Steven Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Asian patients at greater risk
Safety consideration with Tegretol
Bone marrow suppression
Grapefruit juice causes elevated levels
can decrease effect of oral contraceptives and folic acid
risk with ALL AEDs
increased depression
Can phenytoin (Dilantin) be used in pregnancy?
No - category D
BBW for Dilantin (phenytoin)
Rapid IV administration causes cardiac events
Preferred medications for absence seizures
Succinimides:
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Valproid Acid (Depakote)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Obtain platelet counts before initiating therapy
Depakote (valproic acid)
MOA of succinimdes (depakote, zarontin, lamictal)
Block sodium channels and partly block calcium channels decreasing release of glutamate.
AEDs are metabolized by CYP450 - Therefore:
They increase the metabolism of oral contraceptives leading to unplanned pregnancies
Folic acid antagonist
Valproic acid
Need to take calcium and vitamin D supplement with these drugs
Carbamazepine (tegretol)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
valproate (Depakote)
Which AEDs are safe with breast feeding?
Ethosuximide (zarontin)
Carbamazepine (Tegratol)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Valproic acid (depakote)
safety with Dilantin (phenytoin)
Hepatitis, teratogenic
cholinesterase inhibitor used for mild to moderate AD
Donepezil (Aricept)
Common side effects of donepezil
N/V/D, dizziness, weight loss, muscle cramps
- can also increase seizure risk (rare)-
NMDA receptor agonist used for moderate to severe AD
Namenda (memantine)
Side effects of Namenda
dizziness, headaches, constipation
Can cause QT prlongation
THECDC:
Thioridiazine, haloperidol, escitalopram, citalopram, donepezil, chlorpromazine
MOA of Namenda
Binds to NMDA receptor to stop influx of calcium related to steady leakage of glutamate
First line treatment for ADHD
Stimulants:
Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Second line treatment for ADHD
Non-stimulants:
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Alpha 2A adrenergic agonists used for treatment of ADHD
Guanfacine
Clonidine
antidepressants used to treat ADHD
TCAs
Bupropion
MOA of stimulants
Ritalin, Concerta
Dextroamphetamine
Amplify norepinephrine and dopamine signals
MOA of non-stimulants:
Strattera, Clonidine
Inhibits norepinephrine reuptake increasing NE
Selective drugs for dopamine receptors in the treatment of PD
Non-ergot derivatives:
Apomorphine
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
less-selective dopamine agonists for treatment of PD
Ergot derivatives:
Bromocriptine
MOA of levodopa
Undergoes conversion to dopamine in the brain activating dopamine receptors.
What does carbidopa do?
Blocks the destruction of levodopa in the periphery by inhibiting decarboxylases
