MMB (033) Practical of Bone Flashcards
• The shaft of a bone is known as the
A. epiphysis
B. metaphysis
C. periosteum
D. diaphysis
• The end of a long bone is referred to as the
A. epiphysis
B. metaphysis
C. diaphysis
D. periosteum
• The epiphyseal plate is located in the
A. diaphysis
B. spongy bone zone
C. mid-bone as in the middle of the clavicle
D. metaphysis
• The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the
A. osteon
B. epiphyseal plate
C. articular surface
D. diaphysis
• Once an endochondral bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has ……… where the old epiphyseal plate existed
A. a medullary cavity
B. a line of cartilage
C. foramina
D. an epiphyseal line
• The connective tissue which surrounds a long bone is referred to as the
A. endosteum
B. marrow
C. growth plate
D. periosteum
D. periosteum
• The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called
A. periosteum
B. epiphyseal plates
C. endosteum
D. perichondrium
E. lamellae
• Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone?
A. collagen, elastic fibers, and other proteins
B. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
C. collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite
D. sodium, calcium, phosphorus, elastic fibers and some adipose tissue
C. collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite
• Bone cells that synthesize new bone are known as:
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteoclasts
C. chondroblasts
D. chondrocytes
A. Osteoblasts
• Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone?
A. a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte
B. an indentation within a bone that houses an osteoclast
C. a space within the bone for marrow development
• ………….. are stem cells that have the ability to become osteoblasts or chondroblasts
A. osteocytes
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoprogenitor cells
D. osteons
E. chondrocytes
C. osteoprogenitor cells
• Regarding bone cell development, which of the following sequences is correct?
A. osteoblasts → osteoclasts → osteocyte
B. osteoprogenitor cells → osteoclasts → osteocytes
C. osteoprogenitor cells → osteocyte → osteoclast
D. osteoprogenitor → osteoblasts → osteocyte
D. osteoprogenitor → osteoblasts → osteocyte
• When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and removes the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following removes the damaged bone?
A. osteoclasts
B. osteoblasts
C. osteons
D. matrix cells
• Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting an enzyme that dissolves the collagen in the bone matrix. Which of the following is that enzyme?
A. hydroxyapatase
B. Cathepsin K
C. stromelysin
B. Cathepsin K
• Hydrogen ions are pumped across the ruffled border, producing an acid environment. This describes the activity of
A. osteoblasts
B. osteocytes
C. osteoclasts
C. osteoclasts
• Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations?
A. puberty
B. fetal development and after fractures
C. the first few months following birth
D. periods of bone decalcification in old age
B. fetal development and after fractures
• Which of the following best describes lamellar bone?
A. It arises out of cartilage
B. It arises out of collagen and elastic fibers
C. It replaces worn out and fractured bone
D. It is mature and forms slowly
D. It is mature and forms slowly
• An osteon (Haversian system) can best be described as:
A. a Haversian canal and its lamellae
B. a growth of new bone
C. layers of bone in a fontanel
D. a bone that has demineralized
• In compact bone, the Haversian canals can travel the length of the bone. What are the connectors from one Haversian canal to another?
A. Volkmann’s canals
B. Haversian II canals
C. semicircular canals
D. blood canals
• What passes through the center of a Haversian canal?
A. Water
B. blood and nerves
C. Osteocytes
D. chondrocytes
B. blood and nerves
• Osteocytes must have the ability to receive nutrients from the blood and an ability to return wastes to the blood. Connectors between the osteocytes and the blood vessels are known as
A. Volkmann’s canals
B. central canals
C. perforating canals
D. canaliculi
• What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity?
A. compact bone
B. spongy bone
• Cancellous bone
A. has no osteocytes
B. is located in the diaphyses of long bones
C. is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae
D. does not contain marrow
E. forms the outer surface of most bones other than long bones
C. is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae
• Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone?
A. osteoclasts
B. canaliculi
C. lamellae
D. central (haversian) canals
E. osteocytes
D. central (haversian) canals
• Which of the following is the most accurate definition of “bone remodeling”?
A. bone that develops during fetal development and stays with us for life
B. removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts
C. the construction of bone around blood vessels for a Haversian canal
D. the laying out of new bone in a fracture site
B. removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts
• In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by
A. osteocytes
B. osteoblasts
C. osteoclasts
D. remodeling osteoprogenitor cells
C. osteoclasts
osteoclasts
• One of the functions of bone is “electrolyte balance.”
Which of the following best represents this role?
A. bones exchange all types of electrolytes with blood and cartilage
B. bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed
C. bones take up and store electrolytes but seldom release them
D. bones are storage places for electrolytes, iron, proteins, and fats
B. bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed
• which of the following bone diseases is characterized by loss of bone density and bone mass?
A. osteoporosis
B. Paget’s disease
C. osteomyelitis
D. osteosarcoma
A. osteoporosis
• Based on ethnic and age characteristics, in which population subgroup, , does osteoporosis most often occur?
A. older men of all races
B. older white women
C. older black women
D. teenage males and females
B. older white women
• What is the most common consequence of osteoporosis?
A. fractures
B. bone thickening
C. luxations and subluxations
D. fusion of bones
A. fractures
