[017] upper arm, elbow joint & cubital fossa Flashcards
The upper arm is enclosed in a sheath of….
deep fascia
Explain the figure
Two fascial septa extend from this sheath and are attached to the medial and lateral aspects of the humerus dividing the arm:
- an anterior (Flexor) compartment.
- a posterior (Extensor) compartment. Each having its muscles, nerves, and arteries.
Muscles of the Anterior Fascial Compartment ?
1,2 & 3 ?
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- brachialis
Blood supply of the Anterior Fascial Compartment ?
Brachial artery
Muscular Nerve supply of the Anterior Fascial Compartment ?
musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps brachii is composed of ;
• Long head (LL)
• Short head
……Of Biceps brachii is lateral , while ….. head is medial
Long head (LL) ,, Short head
Action of Biceps brachii ?
-Supination of forearm
-Flexion of shoulder & elbow
Root value of Biceps Tendon Reflex ?
-C5, C6
Mainly C6
Define the condition
Rupture of the long head of Biceps
Action of Coracobrachialis ?
Flexion & adduction of arm
Action of Brachialis ?
Flexion of elbow
Name the muscles
Anterior compartment innervation ?
Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Origin & Root Value of Musculocutaneous Nerve ?
Lateral cord, C5, C6 & C7
Branches Musculocutaneous Nerve ?
- Muscular
- Cutaneous—lateral
Name the nerve and it’s branches
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Branches:
- Muscular—muscles of the front of arm (flexor compartment).
- Cutaneous—lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm.
Complications of Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury ?
-Weakness of arm flexion
-sensory loss along the lateral forearm
The Brachial Artery Begins as continuation of….
axillary artery
Name the Branches of the Brachial Artery
- Profunda brachii a.
- Sup. Ulnar collateral.
- Inf. Ulnar collateral.
The…. Artery Ends at the neck of radius by dividing into…..
Brachial Artery ,,, radial and ulnar artery
Describe the anterior Anastomosis around the elbow
-Anterior branch of inferior ulnar collateral artery (brachial artery)
-Anterior ulnar recurrent artery (ulnar artery).
Describe the posterior Anastomosis around the elbow
At the cubital fossa , the most superficial layer contains :
Veins:
-Basilic
-Cephalic
-Median
-cubital
The deeper layer of the Cubital fossa contains :
Name the contents from medial to lateral
Structures that are subjected to injury in Supracondylar fractures ?
-Brachiialis muscle
-Median nerve
Brachial artery
Muscles in the Posterior Compartment ?
The Triceps brachii (“their origins “):
- Lateral Head from “humerus”
- medial (deep head) from “humerus”
- Long Head (median) from “scapula”
Insertion of the Triceps brachii ?
Olecranon Process of Ulna
Triceps brachii are supplied by the…..(nerve)
Radial nerve
Action of Triceps brachii ?
extends the Elbow against Resistance
Root value of Triceps Tendon Reflex ?
Root value :
- C6 & C7
- Mainly C7
Origin & Root Value of Radial Nerve ?
-Posterior cord
-C5,6,7,8,T1
Branches of the Radial Nerve ?
- Muscular to the 3 heads of triceps &anconeus
- Post. Cutaneous of arm
- Lower lat. cutaneous of arm
- Post. Cut. Of forearm
- Muscular to brachialis brachioradialis & ext. carpi rad. longus.
- 2 terminal br. (Superficial Radial & Posterior interosseous)
MOTOR EFFECT of Radial Nerve injury ?
(When above the elbow)
—wrist drop and fingers drop
,,due to paralysis of all extensors of the wrist and fingers
—impairs the extension of the elbow against resistance due to affection of the triceps
SENSORY EFFECT of Radial Nerve injury ?
—Week sensory loss over the lower half of deltoid
— complete loss of sensation on the dorsum of the hand ,,, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones.
— Paresthesia over the posterior surface of arm,
forearm, lower part of the lateral side of the arm
Name the fracture and mention the structures at risk of injury
