Axilla 1 Boundaries, axillary artery, vein & lymph nodes Flashcards
Describe apex of axilla
-Is directed upwards & medially to the root of the neck.
It is the site where nerves & vessels pass between neck & upper limb.
Boundaries of Axillary Apex ?
•Clavicle anteriorly.
•Upper border of the scapula posteriorly.
•Outer border of the first rib medially.
Base of Axilla is formed of ?
skin, superficial fascia & axillary fascia
Axillary Anterior wall boundaries ?
Pectoralis major (1st layer) –
Pectoralis minor, subclavius & cavipectoral fascia (2nd layer)
Boundaries of Axillary Posterior wall ?
subscapularis, teres major & latissimus dorsi
The figure shows two of the 4 structures ,, in the axillary anterior wall . Mention the four structures
-Pectoralis major (1st layer)
– Pectoralis minor, subclavius & cavipectoral fascia (2nd layer)
What forms anterior fold of axilla ?
Twisted fibers ,, of lower border of pectoralis major
What forms the posterior fold of axilla ?
Tendon of latissimus dorsi ,, winding around the lower border of teres major
The figure shows the …(aspect) fold of axilla .
Posterior
Medial wall of Axilla is formed of ?
▪Serratus anterior.
▪Upper 4-5 ribs .
▪ Intercostal muscles .
Name the muscle
▪Serratus anterior.
The lateral Axillary wall is formed of ?
- Coracobrachialis.
- Biceps brachii.
- Bicepital groove of the humerus
1)The figure shows the …(aspect) wall of Axilla.
2) Name the hidden.
1 ) Lateral
General Contents of Axilla ?
Explain the beginning and ending of Axillary Artery
- Begins: as the continuation of subclavian a. at outer border of first rib
-Ends: at lower border of teres major by becoming brachial artery.
Explain Course of Axillary Artery :
divided by pectoralis minor (PM) into 3 parts:
-1 stpart: above PM
- 2nd part: behind or deep to PM
-3rd part: below PM
How many branches are in each part of Axillary artery ?
• First part: One branch
• Second part: Two branches
• Third part: Three branches
Branches of 1st part ,, of Axillary artery ?
• Superior thoracic artery
Name the red branch
• Superior thoracic artery
Branches of 2nd part ,, of Axillary artery ?
- Thoraco-acromial a
- Lateral thoracic a
The Thoraco-acromial artery divides into ?
A. Acromial br.
B. Pectoral br.
C. Clavicular br.
D. Deltoid br.
…. (Artery) is enlarged in females to supply the breast.
Lateral thoracic Artery
Branches of the 3rd part ,, of Axillary artery ?
- Subscapular a
- Anterior circumflex humeral a
- Posterior circumflex humeral a
Describe course of Subscapular artery
-Largest br. Of axillary artery
- follows lat. Border of scapula till inf. Angle
- accompanies thoracodorsal nerve → # around scapula
… is the largest branch of axillary artery.
Subscapular artery
Describe course of Anterior circumflex humeral artery
-passes ant. To surgical neck of humerus
- anastomoses with post. Circumflex humeral a.
Describe course of Posterior circumflex humeral artery
-it accompanies axillary nerve
- anastomoses with ant. Circumflex forming a circular anastomosis around surgical neck
Mention the hidden
Define the Anastomosis Around Scapula
Anastomosis between 1st part of subclavian artery AND
3rd part of Axillary artery
Mention the value of the ,, Anastomosis Around Scapula
It carries adequate blood to the upper limb when there is an occlusion between the 2 arteries
Mention the site of the ,, Anastomosis Around Scapula
on the fossae of scapula, deep to the muscles
The Axillary Vein Begin As the continuation of the … vein
Basilic vein
The turning point between basilic andAxillary vein ?
the lower border of teres major.
The Axillary vein runs … to the axillary artery.
Medialy
-Cephalic vein at its upper part.
-Tributaries of 2nd-3rd part corresponding to the branches of the axillary artery.
Illustrate drainage of Pectoral lymph nodes
-Central part and lateral quadrant of the breast.
-Anterolateral wall of the trunk above the level of the umbilicus
Illustrate drainage of subscapular lymph nodes
• Posterior wall of the trunk as far as the iliac crest.
• The back of the shoulder region.
Illustrate drainage of brachial lymph nodes
whole of the upper limb ,, except the areas drained by the lymphatics accompanying the cephalic vein.
Illustrate drainage of Apical lymph nodes
• All the other groups of axillary lymph nodes.
• Directly from the upper & peripheral part of the breast.
•Areas of the upper limb drained by lymphatics accompanied the cephalic vein.
