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MMB > MMB [002] Reflexes > Flashcards

MMB [002] Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Mention the three main components of the motor system (motor levels )

A
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2
Q

The ‘Higher Motor Level ’ represents :

A

Association areas in the cortex (Idea)

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3
Q

The ‘Middle Motor Level ’ represents :

A

Motor cortex, Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (Program)

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4
Q

The ‘Lower Motor Level ’ represents :

A

Spinal cord and brain stem nuclei (performance)

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5
Q

The 1st Requirement for voluntary contraction :

1) Intact Upper motor neuron (from higher centers to …(), OR to …())

A

1) Intact Upper motor neuron (from higher centers to the spinal cord, OR to nuclei of cranial nerves)

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6
Q

The 2nd Requirement for voluntary contraction :

2) Intact lower motor neuron (from …() of spinal cord to the muscle, OR from …() to muscle)

A

2) Intact lower motor neuron (from anterior horn of spinal cord to the muscle, OR from cranial nerve nuclei to muscle)

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7
Q

The 3rd Requirement for voluntary contraction :

A

3-intact muscle

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8
Q

The 1st Requirement for reflex contraction ?

A

1- intact muscle

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9
Q

The main 2 Requirements for reflex contraction :

A

1- Intact lower motor neuron (from anterior horn of spinal cord to the muscle , OR from cranial nerve nuclei to muscle)

2- Intact pathway of a reflex arc

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10
Q

Illustrate the reflex pathway

A

sensory receptor > afferent nerve > integrating center > efferent nerve
> effector organ

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11
Q

Illustrate the reflex arc

A

(1) Stimulus

(2) Receptor
(sensory neurone)

(3) CNS motor neurone

(4) Effector Reflexes

(5) Response

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12
Q

The 2 types of reflexes ?

A

1) Protective
2) Regulatory

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13
Q

Mention Examples of protective reflexes

A

Eye blink , gag reflex , limb withdrawal

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14
Q

Mention Examples of Regulatory reflexes

A

Vestibulo–ocular reflex , muscle stretch reflex

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15
Q

Two types of motor neurons in the anterior horn ?

A

Alpha & Gamma

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16
Q

Alpha motor neurons supplies …. Skeletal muscle fibers.

A

Ordinary

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17
Q

α-motor neurons mainly originate from… sements (spinal segments)

A

Cervical and lumbosacral

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18
Q

In the thoracic segments below T1, the α-motor neurons are associated only with …(anatomical aspect) muscle

A

axial

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19
Q

Impulses in α-motor neuron are controlled by impulses coming from :

A

1- Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia

2- Interneurons inside the spinal cord gray matter

3- Descending fibers from higher brain centers (e.g. brain stem)

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20
Q

The Motor Unit Includes … motor neuron(s) and the contacting muscle fibres

A

Single motor neuron

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21
Q

In a small motor units the motor neuron is with …(degree) threshold of stimulation

A

LOW

22
Q

In large motor units is the motor neuron with ….(degree) threshold of stimulation

A

HIGH

23
Q

The total motor neurons projection to a single muscle is called the ….

A

The Motor Neuron Pool

24
Q

Explain Proprioception

A

-feedback for the motor control system

-Changes in muscle length specifically stretch – detected by the muscle spindle

-Changes in muscle tension detected by the Golgi tendon organ

25
Q

Changes in muscle length specifically stretch are detected by the ….

A

muscle spindle

26
Q

Changes in muscle tension are detected by the ….

A

Golgi tendon organ

27
Q

The muscle stretch reflex – a simple monosynaptic reflex driven by input from the ….

A

muscle spindle

28
Q

Define Stretch reflex

A

It is reflex contraction of a muscle in response to its stretch.

29
Q

Stretch reflex is a ….(-VE/+VE)feedback reflex that returns the muscle back to its normal length when stretched.

A

—VE

30
Q

The Receptor of Stretch reflex is …

A

The Muscle spindle

31
Q

….(reflex) is the only monosynaptic reflex in the body.

AKA : direct contact between afferent & efferent

A

Stretch reflex

32
Q

What’s the Muscle spindle :

A

-Specialized encapsulated mechanoreceptor that monitors muscle length

33
Q

The ends of the Muscle spindle’s capsule are attached to the … of the muscle

A

Tendon

34
Q

The Muscle spindle Consists of ….. fibers parallel to …. fibers

A

3-10 intrafusal fibers parallel to ordinary contractile fibers

35
Q

Mention the two types of Intrafusal fibers :

A
  • nuclear bag fibers
  • nuclear chain fibers
36
Q

number of nuclear bag fibers ?

A

1-3

37
Q

number of nuclear chain fibers in muscle spindles ?

A

3-9 in each spindle.

38
Q

Intrafusal fibers have …. receptor at stretchable part ,,, and …., non receptor part.

A

Central receptor at stretchable part ,,, Peripheral contractile, non receptor part.

39
Q

Compare in terms of :

-response to stretch
- contractility
-afferents/efferents

A
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

Case 2

Mrs. Stewart is a thirty-year-old woman presents to the ER with excessive sweating, tachycardia and tremors. She is diagnosed as hyperthyroidism, on examination she has exaggerated reflexes and Hypertonia.

1-Define Muscle tone.

2) 2-define tendon jerk.

A

1) A state of tension that is maintained continuously-minimally even when relaxed and which increases in resistance to passive stretch.

2) A reflex contraction of the muscle to which a tendon is attached when the tendon is struck sharply soas to exert a sudden pull on the muscles

43
Q

Nerve root of Biceps reflex

A

C5

44
Q

Nerve root of Brachioradial (supinator) reflex

A

C6

45
Q

Nerve root of Triceps reflex

A

C7

46
Q

At a reflex rated with +++ , the comment should be :

A

Slight hyperflexia

47
Q

At a reflex rated with (++++) , the comment should be :

A

Very brisk, hyperactive

48
Q

Nerve root of Knee reflex

A

L2, L3 & L4

49
Q

Nerve root of Ankle reflex

A

S1

50
Q
A

MMB (72 decks)

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