Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Microbial Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Microbial Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease

A

illness caused by a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

true pathogen

A

always causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

can cause disease, only under certain circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

host

A

what is infected
ex. people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sporadic cases of a disease

A

isolated infections in given population or region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

endemic cases of a disease

A

routinely detected in given population or region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epidemic

A

widespread disease outbreak in particular region during specific time frame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pandemic

A

epidemic that has spread to numerous countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

emerging pathogens

A

newly identified pathogens
pathogens that previously caused only sporadic cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reemerging pathogens

A

infectious agent that was under control but is now resurfacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

zoonotic diseases

A

spread by animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what percentage of emerging infections are zoonotic

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

six groups of pathogens

A

helminths
protozoans
fungi
bacteria
viruses
prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which group of pathogens is the most deadly

A

viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

helminths definition

A

eukaryotic multicellular animals (parasitic worms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protozoans definition

A

eukaryotic unicellular parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fungi definition

A

eukaryotic unicellular and multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bacteria definition

A

prokaryotic unicellular
some are obligate intracellular parasites and some are free living
usually smaller than eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viruses definition

A

NOT cells
infectious particles containing nucleic acid
usually smaller than prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prions definition

A

infectious proteins
have no genetic material
can cause certain proteins in host brain to fold incorrectly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

not spread person to person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

communicable disease

A

does transmit person to person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

contagious definiton

A

easily transmitted from one host to next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

active infection

A

patient is symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

latent infection

A

host is asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acute infection

A

sick then has resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

chronic infection

A

obvious symptoms then low/undetectable levels

28
Q

signs definition

A

objective indicators of disease

29
Q

examples of signs

A

fever, rash, blood in stool

30
Q

symptoms definition

A

sensed by patient, subjective

31
Q

examples of symptoms

A

pain, fatigue, nausea

32
Q

steps of infection

A
  1. maintenance in reservoir
  2. transmission to host
  3. invasion
  4. adherence to tissue
  5. infection
  6. evasion of host defences
  7. disease
  8. exit
33
Q

reservoir definition

A

animate or inanimate habitat where pathogen is naturally found

34
Q

types of direct contact transmission

A

person to person
animal
environment
vertical

35
Q

examples of person to person transmission

A

saliva, touching, sex

36
Q

examples of animal transmission

A

bite, touching

37
Q

examples of environment transmission

A

swimming, soil

38
Q

examples of vertical transmission

A

in utero, vaginal delivery, breast milk

39
Q

types of indirect contact transmission

A

airborne
vehicle
vector (biological)
vector (mechanical)

40
Q

examples of airborne transmission

A

respiratory aerosols, windburn, stirred up animal droppings

41
Q

examples of vehicle transmission

A

foodborne, contaminated needles, contaminated water

42
Q

examples of vector (biological) transmission

A

mosquito bite, tick bite, flea bite

43
Q

examples of vector (mechanical) transmission

A

flies, cockroaches

44
Q

portal of entry

A

mucous membranes

45
Q

pathogenicity

A

capacity of a microbe to cause disease

46
Q

virulence

A

degree (or extent) of disease that a pathogen causes

47
Q

attenuated

A

still infectious, but does not cause disease

48
Q

are attenuated vaccines safe for immunocompromised people

49
Q

infectious dose-50 (ID50) definition

A

needed to establish infection in 50% of susceptible hosts

50
Q

lethal dose-50 (LD50) defintion

A

amount of toxin needed to kill 50% of untreated affected hosts

51
Q

adhesins

A

used to stick to host cells
make ideal vaccine targets

52
Q

incubation period

A

time in which pathogen is replicating to cause disease

53
Q

chronic illness

A

pathogen is not destroyed

54
Q

stages of disease in host

A
  1. incubation period
  2. prodromal phase
  3. acute phase
  4. period of decline
  5. convalescent phase
55
Q

prodromal phase

A

early symptoms develop

56
Q

acute phase

A

peak of disease

57
Q

period of decline

A

replication brought under control, symptoms start to decline

58
Q

convalescent phase

A

patient recovers

59
Q

exotoxins

A

bacterial proteins secreted into surrounding environment
wide range of activity, specificity, and types

60
Q

endotoxin

A

gram-negative LPS
dangerous in large amounts

61
Q

symptoms of endotoxins in lower amounts

A

fever, chills, body aches, low blood pressure, vomiting, inflammation

62
Q

symptoms of endotoxins in higher levels

A

septic shock, death

63
Q

cytopathic effects (CPE)

A

specific impact virus has on host cell
can be damage or death

64
Q

host cell destruction

A

plasma membrane leaky
immune response may destroy cell
inclusion bodies

65
Q

inclusion bodies definition

A

large accumulations of viral proteins and nucleic acid

66
Q

oncogenes

A

cancer-causing genes

Microbiology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions