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Microbiology > Industrial and Applied Microbiology > Flashcards

Industrial and Applied Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

fermentation

A

cells use glycolysis in the absence of oxygen

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2
Q

what yeast is used in making bread

A

S. cerevisiae

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3
Q

what does S. cerevisiae produce

A

ethanol and carbon dioxide gas

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4
Q

what does sourdough bread use

A

lactobacillus sanfrancisco

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5
Q

what do you crush grapes into to make wine

A

must

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6
Q

what is must

A

juice

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7
Q

what ferments the sugars in wine making

A

S. cerevisiae

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8
Q

does dry or sweet wine ferment longer

A

dry

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9
Q

what is oenology

A

science of winemaking

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10
Q

what grain is used in beer marking

A

barley

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11
Q

what does it mean for barley to be malted

A

barley seed is allowed to sprout

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12
Q

what happens to the malt when making beer

A

malt is dried, roasted, and mixed with water

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13
Q

what is the liquid portion of malt called

A

wort

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14
Q

what is wort mixed with

A

hops

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15
Q

what strain is used in beer making

A

saccaromyces

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16
Q

lager definition

A

bottom fermentation
10 - 12 days at 8 - 10°C

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17
Q

ale definition

A

top fermentation
6 days at 20°C

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18
Q

bottom fermentation defintiion

A

strain settles at bottom

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19
Q

top fermentation definition

A

strain floats to top

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20
Q

liquor is ___ after fermentation

21
Q

what plant does bourbon use

22
Q

what plant does vodka use

23
Q

what plant does rum use

A

sugar cane or molasses

24
Q

how do fermented fruits and veggies happen

A

lactic acid fermentation

25
Q

vinegar

A

wine treated with acetobacter bacteria

26
Q

soy sauce components

A

cooked soybeans, roasted wheat, and Aspergillus mold

27
Q

what is yogurt

A

fermentation of milk with bacteria

28
Q

what is cheese

A

any type of milk fermented

29
Q

what is a curd

A

semisolid resulting from milk and lactic-acid-producing bacteria

30
Q

what enzyme is used in fermenting milk

31
Q

probiotics

A

living bacteria used to promote overall health

32
Q

prebiotics

A

foods believed to promote growth of healthy bacteria

33
Q

what is dietary fiber

A

carbs we cannot digest

34
Q

metabolites

A

intermediate or final products produced during metabolic activity

35
Q

strain improvement

A

increasing production of metabolite above what is naturally found

36
Q

primary metabolites

A

used directly by cell for growth and reproduction

37
Q

secondary metabolites

A

produced but not directly used for growth and reproduction

38
Q

what does it mean to scale up

A

moving from lab to industry scale

39
Q

bioconversions definition

A

minor alterations by bacteria or fungi that convert common substrate into a valuable product

40
Q

bioconversions example

A

steroids into useful hormones

41
Q

extremozymes definition

A

enzymes produced by microorganisms normally found in extreme environments

42
Q

extremozymes example

A

PCR and taq polymerase

43
Q

biopesticides definition

A

proteins produced by bacteria toxic to certain insects

44
Q

biopesticides example

A

bacillus thuringiensis

45
Q

nanotechnology definition

A

technology or use of materials at extremely small scales

46
Q

bioremediation definition

A

use of living organisms to degrade environmental contaminants

47
Q

mycoremediation definition

A

use of fungi for bioremediation

48
Q

composting definition

A

kitchen or yard waste decomposed by encouraging growth of certain microorganisms

49
Q

alternative energy examples

A

ethanol
methane
algae

Microbiology (24 decks)

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