Industrial and Applied Microbiology Flashcards by Jordan Walp

fermentation

cells use glycolysis in the absence of oxygen

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what yeast is used in making bread

S. cerevisiae

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what does S. cerevisiae produce

ethanol and carbon dioxide gas

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what does sourdough bread use

lactobacillus sanfrancisco

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what do you crush grapes into to make wine

must

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what is must

juice

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what ferments the sugars in wine making

S. cerevisiae

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does dry or sweet wine ferment longer

dry

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what is oenology

science of winemaking

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what grain is used in beer marking

barley

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what does it mean for barley to be malted

barley seed is allowed to sprout

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what happens to the malt when making beer

malt is dried, roasted, and mixed with water

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what is the liquid portion of malt called

wort

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what is wort mixed with

hops

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what strain is used in beer making

saccaromyces

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lager definition

bottom fermentation
10 - 12 days at 8 - 10°C

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ale definition

top fermentation
6 days at 20°C

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bottom fermentation defintiion

strain settles at bottom

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top fermentation definition

strain floats to top

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liquor is ___ after fermentation

distilled

what plant does bourbon use

corn

what plant does vodka use

potatoes

what plant does rum use

sugar cane or molasses

how do fermented fruits and veggies happen

lactic acid fermentation

vinegar

wine treated with acetobacter bacteria

soy sauce components

cooked soybeans, roasted wheat, and Aspergillus mold

what is yogurt

fermentation of milk with bacteria

what is cheese

any type of milk fermented

what is a curd

semisolid resulting from milk and lactic-acid-producing bacteria

what enzyme is used in fermenting milk

rennin

probiotics

living bacteria used to promote overall health

prebiotics

foods believed to promote growth of healthy bacteria

what is dietary fiber

carbs we cannot digest

metabolites

intermediate or final products produced during metabolic activity

strain improvement

increasing production of metabolite above what is naturally found

primary metabolites

used directly by cell for growth and reproduction

secondary metabolites

produced but not directly used for growth and reproduction

what does it mean to scale up

moving from lab to industry scale

bioconversions definition

minor alterations by bacteria or fungi that convert common substrate into a valuable product

bioconversions example

steroids into useful hormones

extremozymes definition

enzymes produced by microorganisms normally found in extreme environments

extremozymes example

PCR and taq polymerase

biopesticides definition

proteins produced by bacteria toxic to certain insects

biopesticides example

bacillus thuringiensis

nanotechnology definition

technology or use of materials at extremely small scales

bioremediation definition

use of living organisms to degrade environmental contaminants

mycoremediation definition

use of fungi for bioremediation

composting definition

kitchen or yard waste decomposed by encouraging growth of certain microorganisms

alternative energy examples

ethanol methane algae