Microbial Diseases II

Question 1

digestive system purpose

Answer 1

digest foods into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body

Question 2

two parts of the GI tract

Answer 2

upper and lower

Question 3

what makes up the upper GI tract

Answer 3

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

Question 4

what makes up the lower GI tract

Answer 4

intestines, rectum, anus

Question 5

what makes up the accessory organs of the GI tract

Answer 5

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 6

what are the associated lymphatic tissues of the GI tract

Answer 6

tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patches

Question 7

do GI infections have general or specific symptoms

Answer 7

general

Question 8

diagnostics of GI infections

Answer 8

cultures, molecular ID, endoscopy

Question 9

milder symptoms of GI infections

Answer 9

diarrhea, gastritis, enteritis, gastroenteritis

Question 10

severe symptoms of GI infections

Answer 10

dehydration, dysentery, hypovolemic shock

Question 11

dysentery definition

Answer 11

infectious gastroenteritis with substantial abdominal pain

Question 12

hypovolemic shock definition

Answer 12

low blood volume due to blood loss or severe dehydration

Question 13

viral gastroenteritis definition

Answer 13

inflammation and irritation of inner lining of GI tract

Question 14

viral gastroenteritis onset

Answer 14

sudden

Question 15

viral gastroenteritis complications

Answer 15

dehydration, severe cases in young and old

Question 16

how is viral gastroenteritis spread

Answer 16

fecal oral

Question 17

is rotavirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal

Answer 17

viral

Question 18

who does rotavirus infect

Answer 18

infant 3 - 15 months

Question 19

how long does rotavirus last

Answer 19

3 - 8 days
usually only in fall and winter

Question 20

are there vaccines for rotavirus

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

is norovirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal

Answer 21

viral

Question 22

who does norovirus infect

Answer 22

adults

Question 23

norovirus timeline

Answer 23

incubate for 48 hours
symptoms 1 - 3 days

Question 24

are food borne infections viral, bacterial, or protozoal

Answer 24

bacterial

Question 25

how is food borne infection different from food poisoning

Answer 25

infection is longer lasting and milder poisoning is sudden and more severe

Question 26

what is the leading cause of food borne illness

Answer 26

campylobacter jejuni

Question 27

what is the leading cause of food poisoning

Answer 27

salmonella enterica

Question 28

is E. coli bacterial, viral, or protozoal

Answer 28

bacterial

Question 29

how is E. coli spread

Answer 29

fecal oral

Question 30

coliforms

Answer 30

indicative of fecal contamination of water, vegetation, and soil

Question 31

how does E. coli cause gastroenteritis

Answer 31

enterotoxins

Question 32

what is the most common dysentery-associated serovar in the US

Answer 32

E. coli O157:H7

Question 33

can you use antibiotics for E. coli O157:H7

Answer 33

NO!!!

Question 34

is helicobacter pylori viral, bacterial, or protozoal

Answer 34

bacterial

Question 35

is helicobacter pylori gram negative or positive

Answer 35

gram negative

Question 36

where does helicobacter pylori colonize

Answer 36

stomach mucosa

Question 37

helicobacter pylori transmission

Answer 37

saliva, contaminated food/water

Question 38

what can helicobacter pylori cause

Answer 38

ulcers

Question 39

is C. diff gram negative or positive

Answer 39

gram positive

Question 40

C. diff transmission

Answer 40

fecal oral

Question 41

where is C. diff common

Answer 41

healthcare places

Question 42

C. diff can progress into

Answer 42

pseudomembranous colitis

Question 43

C. diff treatment

Answer 43

antibiotics, probiotics, surgery, fecal transplants

Question 44

top 3 GI protozoans

Answer 44

1. giardia lamblia 2. entamoeba histolytica 3. cryptosporidium species

Question 45

what is the most common intestinal parasite in the US

Answer 45

giardia lamblia

Question 46

what is one of the most common waterborne disease in the US

Answer 46

giardia lamblia

Question 47

cysts

Answer 47

dormant form of giardia

Question 48

trophoziotes

Answer 48

living form of giardia

Question 49

giardia lamblia treatment

Answer 49

self-resolves

Question 50

giardia lamblia prevention

Answer 50

wash hands and don't drink non-purified water

Question 51

two parts of the nervous system

Answer 51

central and peripheral

Question 52

types of neurons

Answer 52

sensory and motor

Question 53

sensory neurons handle

Answer 53

input

Question 54

motor neurons handle

Answer 54

output

Question 55

does the nervous system have resident microbiota

Answer 55

NO!!!

Question 56

is polio bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal

Answer 56

viral

Question 57

how does polio spread

Answer 57

fecal oral

Question 58

path of polio

Answer 58

starts in stomach, travels to skeletal muscle, replicates and then travels up motor neurons to CNS

Question 59

what does polio cause

Answer 59

flaccid paralysis

Question 60

polio vaccines

Answer 60

1. Salk vaccine - inactivated injection 2. Sabin vaccine - oral attenuated

Question 61

which polio vaccine is cheaper

Answer 61

Sabin - oral vaccine

Question 62

is rabies bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

Answer 62

viral

Question 63

is rabies zoonotic

Answer 63

yes

Question 64

how to prevent rabies spread

Answer 64

vaccinate animals

Question 65

path of rabies

Answer 65

replicates in muscle cells, goes from PNS to CNS, invades brain

Question 66

is tetanus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

Answer 66

bacterial

Question 67

what type of bacteria is tetanus

Answer 67

gram positive anaerobe

Question 68

what is the toxin in tetanus shot

Answer 68

tetanospasmin

Question 69

what does tetanus cause

Answer 69

spastic paralysis

Question 70

is cryptococcus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

Answer 70

fungal

Question 71

how does cryptococcus spread

Answer 71

aerosolized pathogens

Question 72

who does cryptococcus primarily impact

Answer 72

the immunocompromised HIV/AIDS patients

Question 73

is african sleeping sickness bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

Answer 73

protozoal

Question 74

scientific name for african sleeping sickness

Answer 74

trypanosoma brucei

Question 75

vector for african sleeping sickness

Answer 75

tsetse fly

Question 76

two phases of african sleeping sickness

Answer 76

hemolymphatic and neurological

Question 77

symptoms of the hemolymphatic phase of african sleeping sickness

Answer 77

fever, headaches, itching, joint pain

Question 78

symptoms of the neurological phase of african sleeping sickness

Answer 78

invasion of CNS, sleep disruption, hallucinations

Question 79

is toxoplasmosis bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

Answer 79

protozoal

Question 80

who does toxoplasmosis mostly impact

Answer 80

immunocompromised or pregnant

Question 81

how is toxoplasmosis spread

Answer 81

cysts in undercooked food cat feces

Question 82

what is congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer 82

passed from mother to fetus

Question 83

symptoms of cross placenta toxoplasmosis

Answer 83

convulsions, deafness, neurological disabilities, miscarriage