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Microbiology > Microbial Diseases II > Flashcards

Microbial Diseases II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

digestive system purpose

A

digest foods into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body

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2
Q

two parts of the GI tract

A

upper and lower

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3
Q

what makes up the upper GI tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

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4
Q

what makes up the lower GI tract

A

intestines, rectum, anus

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5
Q

what makes up the accessory organs of the GI tract

A

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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6
Q

what are the associated lymphatic tissues of the GI tract

A

tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patches

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7
Q

do GI infections have general or specific symptoms

A

general

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8
Q

diagnostics of GI infections

A

cultures, molecular ID, endoscopy

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9
Q

milder symptoms of GI infections

A

diarrhea, gastritis, enteritis, gastroenteritis

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10
Q

severe symptoms of GI infections

A

dehydration, dysentery, hypovolemic shock

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11
Q

dysentery definition

A

infectious gastroenteritis with substantial abdominal pain

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12
Q

hypovolemic shock definition

A

low blood volume due to blood loss or severe dehydration

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13
Q

viral gastroenteritis definition

A

inflammation and irritation of inner lining of GI tract

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14
Q

viral gastroenteritis onset

A

sudden

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15
Q

viral gastroenteritis complications

A

dehydration, severe cases in young and old

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16
Q

how is viral gastroenteritis spread

A

fecal oral

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17
Q

is rotavirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal

A

viral

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18
Q

who does rotavirus infect

A

infant 3 - 15 months

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19
Q

how long does rotavirus last

A

3 - 8 days
usually only in fall and winter

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20
Q

are there vaccines for rotavirus

A

yes

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21
Q

is norovirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal

A

viral

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22
Q

who does norovirus infect

A

adults

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23
Q

norovirus timeline

A

incubate for 48 hours
symptoms 1 - 3 days

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24
Q

are food borne infections viral, bacterial, or protozoal

A

bacterial

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25
Q

how is food borne infection different from food poisoning

A

infection is longer lasting and milder
poisoning is sudden and more severe

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26
Q

what is the leading cause of food borne illness

A

campylobacter jejuni

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27
Q

what is the leading cause of food poisoning

A

salmonella enterica

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28
Q

is E. coli bacterial, viral, or protozoal

A

bacterial

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29
Q

how is E. coli spread

A

fecal oral

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30
Q

coliforms

A

indicative of fecal contamination of water, vegetation, and soil

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31
Q

how does E. coli cause gastroenteritis

A

enterotoxins

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32
Q

what is the most common dysentery-associated serovar in the US

A

E. coli O157:H7

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33
Q

can you use antibiotics for E. coli O157:H7

A

NO!!!

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34
Q

is helicobacter pylori viral, bacterial, or protozoal

A

bacterial

35
Q

is helicobacter pylori gram negative or positive

A

gram negative

36
Q

where does helicobacter pylori colonize

A

stomach mucosa

37
Q

helicobacter pylori transmission

A

saliva, contaminated food/water

38
Q

what can helicobacter pylori cause

A

ulcers

39
Q

is C. diff gram negative or positive

A

gram positive

40
Q

C. diff transmission

A

fecal oral

41
Q

where is C. diff common

A

healthcare places

42
Q

C. diff can progress into

A

pseudomembranous colitis

43
Q

C. diff treatment

A

antibiotics, probiotics, surgery, fecal transplants

44
Q

top 3 GI protozoans

A
  1. giardia lamblia
  2. entamoeba histolytica
  3. cryptosporidium species
45
Q

what is the most common intestinal parasite in the US

A

giardia lamblia

46
Q

what is one of the most common waterborne disease in the US

A

giardia lamblia

47
Q

cysts

A

dormant form of giardia

48
Q

trophoziotes

A

living form of giardia

49
Q

giardia lamblia treatment

A

self-resolves

50
Q

giardia lamblia prevention

A

wash hands and don’t drink non-purified water

51
Q

two parts of the nervous system

A

central and peripheral

52
Q

types of neurons

A

sensory and motor

53
Q

sensory neurons handle

A

input

54
Q

motor neurons handle

A

output

55
Q

does the nervous system have resident microbiota

A

NO!!!

56
Q

is polio bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal

A

viral

57
Q

how does polio spread

A

fecal oral

58
Q

path of polio

A

starts in stomach, travels to skeletal muscle, replicates and then travels up motor neurons to CNS

59
Q

what does polio cause

A

flaccid paralysis

60
Q

polio vaccines

A
  1. Salk vaccine - inactivated injection
  2. Sabin vaccine - oral attenuated
61
Q

which polio vaccine is cheaper

A

Sabin - oral vaccine

62
Q

is rabies bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

A

viral

63
Q

is rabies zoonotic

A

yes

64
Q

how to prevent rabies spread

A

vaccinate animals

65
Q

path of rabies

A

replicates in muscle cells, goes from PNS to CNS, invades brain

66
Q

is tetanus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

A

bacterial

67
Q

what type of bacteria is tetanus

A

gram positive anaerobe

68
Q

what is the toxin in tetanus shot

A

tetanospasmin

69
Q

what does tetanus cause

A

spastic paralysis

70
Q

is cryptococcus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

A

fungal

71
Q

how does cryptococcus spread

A

aerosolized pathogens

72
Q

who does cryptococcus primarily impact

A

the immunocompromised
HIV/AIDS patients

73
Q

is african sleeping sickness bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

A

protozoal

74
Q

scientific name for african sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei

75
Q

vector for african sleeping sickness

A

tsetse fly

76
Q

two phases of african sleeping sickness

A

hemolymphatic and neurological

77
Q

symptoms of the hemolymphatic phase of african sleeping sickness

A

fever, headaches, itching, joint pain

78
Q

symptoms of the neurological phase of african sleeping sickness

A

invasion of CNS, sleep disruption, hallucinations

79
Q

is toxoplasmosis bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal

A

protozoal

80
Q

who does toxoplasmosis mostly impact

A

immunocompromised or pregnant

81
Q

how is toxoplasmosis spread

A

cysts in undercooked food
cat feces

82
Q

what is congenital toxoplasmosis

A

passed from mother to fetus

83
Q

symptoms of cross placenta toxoplasmosis

A

convulsions, deafness, neurological disabilities, miscarriage

Microbiology (24 decks)

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