Microbial Diseases II Flashcards
digestive system purpose
digest foods into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body
two parts of the GI tract
upper and lower
what makes up the upper GI tract
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach
what makes up the lower GI tract
intestines, rectum, anus
what makes up the accessory organs of the GI tract
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
what are the associated lymphatic tissues of the GI tract
tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patches
do GI infections have general or specific symptoms
general
diagnostics of GI infections
cultures, molecular ID, endoscopy
milder symptoms of GI infections
diarrhea, gastritis, enteritis, gastroenteritis
severe symptoms of GI infections
dehydration, dysentery, hypovolemic shock
dysentery definition
infectious gastroenteritis with substantial abdominal pain
hypovolemic shock definition
low blood volume due to blood loss or severe dehydration
viral gastroenteritis definition
inflammation and irritation of inner lining of GI tract
viral gastroenteritis onset
sudden
viral gastroenteritis complications
dehydration, severe cases in young and old
how is viral gastroenteritis spread
fecal oral
is rotavirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal
viral
who does rotavirus infect
infant 3 - 15 months
how long does rotavirus last
3 - 8 days
usually only in fall and winter
are there vaccines for rotavirus
yes
is norovirus viral, bacterial, or protozoal
viral
who does norovirus infect
adults
norovirus timeline
incubate for 48 hours
symptoms 1 - 3 days
are food borne infections viral, bacterial, or protozoal
bacterial
how is food borne infection different from food poisoning
infection is longer lasting and milder
poisoning is sudden and more severe
what is the leading cause of food borne illness
campylobacter jejuni
what is the leading cause of food poisoning
salmonella enterica
is E. coli bacterial, viral, or protozoal
bacterial
how is E. coli spread
fecal oral
coliforms
indicative of fecal contamination of water, vegetation, and soil
how does E. coli cause gastroenteritis
enterotoxins
what is the most common dysentery-associated serovar in the US
E. coli O157:H7
can you use antibiotics for E. coli O157:H7
NO!!!
is helicobacter pylori viral, bacterial, or protozoal
bacterial
is helicobacter pylori gram negative or positive
gram negative
where does helicobacter pylori colonize
stomach mucosa
helicobacter pylori transmission
saliva, contaminated food/water
what can helicobacter pylori cause
ulcers
is C. diff gram negative or positive
gram positive
C. diff transmission
fecal oral
where is C. diff common
healthcare places
C. diff can progress into
pseudomembranous colitis
C. diff treatment
antibiotics, probiotics, surgery, fecal transplants
top 3 GI protozoans
- giardia lamblia
- entamoeba histolytica
- cryptosporidium species
what is the most common intestinal parasite in the US
giardia lamblia
what is one of the most common waterborne disease in the US
giardia lamblia
cysts
dormant form of giardia
trophoziotes
living form of giardia
giardia lamblia treatment
self-resolves
giardia lamblia prevention
wash hands and don’t drink non-purified water
two parts of the nervous system
central and peripheral
types of neurons
sensory and motor
sensory neurons handle
input
motor neurons handle
output
does the nervous system have resident microbiota
NO!!!
is polio bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal
viral
how does polio spread
fecal oral
path of polio
starts in stomach, travels to skeletal muscle, replicates and then travels up motor neurons to CNS
what does polio cause
flaccid paralysis
polio vaccines
- Salk vaccine - inactivated injection
- Sabin vaccine - oral attenuated
which polio vaccine is cheaper
Sabin - oral vaccine
is rabies bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal
viral
is rabies zoonotic
yes
how to prevent rabies spread
vaccinate animals
path of rabies
replicates in muscle cells, goes from PNS to CNS, invades brain
is tetanus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal
bacterial
what type of bacteria is tetanus
gram positive anaerobe
what is the toxin in tetanus shot
tetanospasmin
what does tetanus cause
spastic paralysis
is cryptococcus bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal
fungal
how does cryptococcus spread
aerosolized pathogens
who does cryptococcus primarily impact
the immunocompromised
HIV/AIDS patients
is african sleeping sickness bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal
protozoal
scientific name for african sleeping sickness
trypanosoma brucei
vector for african sleeping sickness
tsetse fly
two phases of african sleeping sickness
hemolymphatic and neurological
symptoms of the hemolymphatic phase of african sleeping sickness
fever, headaches, itching, joint pain
symptoms of the neurological phase of african sleeping sickness
invasion of CNS, sleep disruption, hallucinations
is toxoplasmosis bacterial, viral, protozoal, or fungal
protozoal
who does toxoplasmosis mostly impact
immunocompromised or pregnant
how is toxoplasmosis spread
cysts in undercooked food
cat feces
what is congenital toxoplasmosis
passed from mother to fetus
symptoms of cross placenta toxoplasmosis
convulsions, deafness, neurological disabilities, miscarriage
