Homework 4 Flashcards
Chemical signals used by microorganisms as they communicate via quorum sensing
autoinducers
T or F: the arginine operon repressor is made active and only inactivated in the presence of the amino acid arginine
False
restriction enzyme
cuts DNA at precise sequence
PCR primers
short sequences of DNA that binds to end of a target sequence
DNA ligase
enzyme that “glues” DNA together
recombinant DNA
DNA from one source that has been introduced into another host or cell
deepest region of a lake, including the bottom soil, and includes many anaerobic microorganisms and methanogens
benthic zone
this type of mutation changes the original DNA nucleotide sequence but the resulting amino acid remains the same as the original version
silent
Frederick Griffith showed that certain bacteria can uptake DNA from the environment in a process now known as
transformation
T or F: during gel electrophoresis, the negatively charged DNA will migrate down towards the positively charged bottom of the gel
true
lokiarcheota
archaea that is most closely related to eukaryotes
dinoflagellates
algae that produce neurotoxins that can infect animals via shellfish
cyanobacteria
group of bacteria that “invented” oxygenic photosynthesis
methanogens
archaea that produce methane
operator
site on DNA where repressor binds
repressor
protein that can turn an operon off
promoter
region of DNA where RNA polymerase will bind
gene
protein-coding region of DNA
You attempt to clone a fragment of DNA cut with a restriction enzyme into a plasmid that contains both an antibiotic resistance gene and a toxin gene (which contains a site recognized by your restriction enzyme). If your DNA fragment fails to insert into the plasmid, and that plasmid is taken up by E. coli, what do you expect to occur?
the bacteria will be killed by the plasmid toxin
process used by certain microorganisms that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium ions
nitrogen fixation
T or F: during excision repair, the damaged or incorrect DNA is removed and the gap is repaired by DNA polymerase III and ligase
False
name given to bacteria growing as a community on a surface
biofilm
T or F: If lactose is present, and glucose is absent, allolactose (the inducer) will inactivate the lac repressor protein and the lac operon will be transcribed by RNA polymerase.
true
Photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton are most abundant in this freshwater zone
photic
asbestos is an example of what type of mutagen
chemical
T or F: the codon AUG is the start codon of the genetic code and encodes for the amino acid methionine
True
