Eukaryotic Diversity Flashcards
Pre-scientific classification
plants and animals
Early modern classification
animals, plants, fungi, protozoans
modern classifications
Opisthokonts
Amoebozoa
Archaeplastida
Rhizaria
Alveolates
Stramenopiles
Discicristates
Excavates
fungi
absorptive nutrition
hyphae
chitin
ergosterol in membranes
absorptive nutrition
secrete extracellular enzymes to break down food which is then absorbed
hyphae
extended cellular filaments with multiple nuclei
septate
have septum
coenocytic
no septum
mycelium
branched mass of extended hyphae
chitin
cell wall in fungi
immense tensile strength
ergosterol
analog of cholesterol in fungi membranes
eumycota
Opisthokonts
recycle biomass of wood and leaves
help extend root systems of plants
help animal digestion
yeast
unicellular fungi
evolved in many different fungal taxi
saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeast
used to make bread, wine, beer
model organism for scientific research
candida albicans
vaginal microbiota and opportunistic infections
causes yeast infections
cryptococcus neoformans
opportunistic pathogen of AIDS patients
unicellular fungi reproductive cycle
some asexual
alternation of generations
alternation of generations
haploid: n
diploid: 2n
haploid gametes –> diploid form
multicellular fungi
ascomycota
basidiomycota
ascomycota
mycelia with paired nuclei
many produce pods (asci) of ascospores
some have large mushroom-like fruiting bodies (morels and truffles)
some form small asexual fruiting bodies (conidiophores)
penicillium
antibiotic penicillin
aspergillus
produces toxins such as aflatoxin
major cause of molds associated with dampness in homes
microsporum and trichophyton
ringworm skin infections
basidiomycota
cells with paired nuclei form mushrooms
“true mushroom” - large and intricate fruiting bodies (basidiospore)
some of world’s deadliest poisons
other for cooking (portobello)
underground mycelium
mycorrhizae