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Eukaryotic Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-scientific classification

A

plants and animals

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2
Q

Early modern classification

A

animals, plants, fungi, protozoans

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3
Q

modern classifications

A

Opisthokonts
Amoebozoa
Archaeplastida
Rhizaria
Alveolates
Stramenopiles
Discicristates
Excavates

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4
Q

fungi

A

absorptive nutrition
hyphae
chitin
ergosterol in membranes

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5
Q

absorptive nutrition

A

secrete extracellular enzymes to break down food which is then absorbed

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6
Q

hyphae

A

extended cellular filaments with multiple nuclei

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7
Q

septate

A

have septum

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8
Q

coenocytic

A

no septum

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9
Q

mycelium

A

branched mass of extended hyphae

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10
Q

chitin

A

cell wall in fungi
immense tensile strength

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11
Q

ergosterol

A

analog of cholesterol in fungi membranes

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12
Q

eumycota

A

Opisthokonts
recycle biomass of wood and leaves
help extend root systems of plants
help animal digestion

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13
Q

yeast

A

unicellular fungi
evolved in many different fungal taxi

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14
Q

saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

yeast
used to make bread, wine, beer
model organism for scientific research

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15
Q

candida albicans

A

vaginal microbiota and opportunistic infections
causes yeast infections

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16
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

opportunistic pathogen of AIDS patients

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17
Q

unicellular fungi reproductive cycle

A

some asexual
alternation of generations

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18
Q

alternation of generations

A

haploid: n
diploid: 2n
haploid gametes –> diploid form

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19
Q

multicellular fungi

A

ascomycota
basidiomycota

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20
Q

ascomycota

A

mycelia with paired nuclei
many produce pods (asci) of ascospores
some have large mushroom-like fruiting bodies (morels and truffles)
some form small asexual fruiting bodies (conidiophores)

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21
Q

penicillium

A

antibiotic penicillin

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22
Q

aspergillus

A

produces toxins such as aflatoxin
major cause of molds associated with dampness in homes

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23
Q

microsporum and trichophyton

A

ringworm skin infections

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24
Q

basidiomycota

A

cells with paired nuclei form mushrooms
“true mushroom” - large and intricate fruiting bodies (basidiospore)
some of world’s deadliest poisons
other for cooking (portobello)
underground mycelium
mycorrhizae

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25
mycorrhizae
filamentous gain sugar from trees, extend root network
26
protists
single-celled and colonial eukaryotes other than fungi
27
protozoa
protists that are single-celled heterotrophs
28
amoebozoa
ameba slime molds
29
ameba
variable shape phagocytosis legionella pseudopod for motility
30
cytoplasmic streaming
official name for "tank movement" of ameba
31
slime molds
thousands of ameba aggregating into complex, differentiated fruiting body OR singe ameba develops into giant multinucleated cell
32
algae
eukaryotic microbes that contain a chloroplast fix CO2 AKA phytoplankton
33
primary algae
single ancestral endosymbiosis (also gives rise to plants) green and red algae
34
green algae
green chloroplasts unicellular, filamentous, sheet forms many different forms of multicellularity
35
red algae
same origin as green algae phycoerythrin - accessory photopigment that absorbs green light diverse seaweeds, many edible to humans
36
secondary algae
derive from ancestral protists that engulfed primary algae 2 membranes around chloroplast mixotrophs
37
mixotrophs
combine phototrophy and heterotrophy
38
stramenopiles
diatoms and kelps
39
diatoms
2 part silicate shells (frustules) generate successfully smaller frustules
40
kelps
"brown algae" long, sheetlike fronds important to coastal ocean and beaches support communities in kelp forests sargassum weeds
41
sargassum weeds
Sargasso Sea unrooted "forest" of kelp
42
alveolates
includes predators, major algae groups, and the most successful group of parasitic eukaryotic microbes
43
alveoli
flattened vacuoles within cell outer cortex
44
ciliates
large numbers of cilia cell propulsion food acquisition
45
paramecium
feed on bacteria and are fed on oral groove to take in food contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic balance micronucleus and macronucleus
46
paramecium micronucleus
meiosis
47
paramecium macronucleus
highly segmented DNA used for RNA and protein production
48
categories to know of alveolate
alveoli ciliates paramecium dinoflagellates apicomplexans
49
dinoflagellates
marine phytoplankton 2 long flagella secondary/tertiary algae some release toxins alveolar plates
50
alveolar plates
stiff, armor-like appearance made of cellulose
51
apicomplexians
apical structures many human parasites parasites of animals complex
52
apical structure
highly centralized structure that facilitates entry of parasite into host cell
53
toxoplasma gondii
parasite carried by cats, can be given to humans and harm developing fetus
54
plasmodium falciparum
malaria
55
excavates
diverse and informal grouping contains important parasites and pathogens trypanosomatids trypanosomes metamonads
56
trypanosomatids
obligate parasites elongated cells with single flagella leishmaniasis
57
leishmaniasis
skin infection that can enter internal organs can be fatal carried by sand flies S. American, Africa, Middle East
58
trypanosomes
african sleeping sickness chagas disease
59
african sleeping sickness
tsetse fly in Africa multiples in bloodstream, causes fever cycles brain invasion causes uncontrolled sleeping that can lead to death
60
chagas disease
related organism to african sleeping sickness causes disease of heart South/Central Americas growing climate change threat
61
metamonads
giardia - intestinal parasites day-care centers can contaminate water supplies in US anaerobes - love intestinal tracts cyst (inactive form) and trophozoite (active form)

Microbiology (24 decks)

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