Autoimmunity and Vaccines Flashcards
immunodeficiency definition
lack of properly functioning immune system
primary immunodeficiency
congenital (genetic)
inherited or spontaneous
SPUR infections
Severe
Persistent
Uncommon
Recurring
secondary immunodeficiency
acquired
more common
causes of secondary immunodeficiency
age
burns
systemic disorders
medical care/medications
infectious agents
autoimmunity
immune system attack against healthy tissue
are autoimmune disorders chronic conditions
yes
which sex do autoimmune disorders tend to affect more
females
hypersensitivies
inappropriate, exaggerated response by the immune system to a “threat”
localized or systemic
type 1 hypersensitivities
all allergies
atopic asthma
atopic dermatitis
allergen
any antigen that triggers IgE productions and leads to an allergy
allergy
immune system fights a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless
sensitizing exposure
IgE binds to surface of mast cell or basophils in response to allergens
are developed countries more at risk for allergies
yes
why are developed countries more at risk for allergies
hygiene hypothesis
hygiene hypothesis
if immune system is not constantly fighting off real pathogens, it will fight whatever it wants/can
systemic anaphylaxis
Anaphylactic shock
usually from ingested or injected allergen
can be life-threatening
epi-pen
what do vaccines do
trigger the body’s immune response against infections
variolation definition
infect someone with mild case for immunity
example of variolation
smallpox
when did Edward Jenner make the smallpox and cowpox discover
1796
what was discovered by Edward Jenner
people who got cowpox didn’t get smallpox (or at least not as severe)
when was smallpox eradicated
1980
live attenuated vaccines
contains pathogens that are infectious but not pathogenic
