Host Defenses I Flashcards
immune response definition
physiological process coordinated by the immune system to eliminate foreign substances
antigens defintion
foreign substances
3 lines of defense
innate barriers, innate immunity, adaptive immunity
what do innate barriers do
block infection
what does innate immunity do
destroy pathogens (no memory)
what does adaptive immunity do
specific responses (memory)
types of innate barriers
mechanical
chemical
physical
AMPs
examples of innate barriers
normal microbiota
mucus
stomach acid
urinary flow
what are AMPs
antimicrobial peptides
are AMPs generic or specific
generic
lymphatic system includes
primary and secondary lymphoid tissues
primary lymphoid tissues include
thymus and bone marrow
secondary lymphoid tissues include
MALT
lymph nodes
spleen
what is MALT
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
what is edema
tissue swelling
what is human blood made of
erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes
subcategories of leukocytes
granulocytes and agranulocytes
types of granulocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
mast cells
neutrophil appearance
multi-lobed nucleus
neutrophil function
highly phagocytic
fights bacteria and viruses
eosinophil appearance
bi-lobed nucleus
eosinophil function
moderately phagocytic
attack allergens and parasites
basophil appearance
bi-lobed nucleus
basophil function
attack allergens and parasites
mast cell appearance
circular nucleus with granules
mast cell function
moderately phagocytic
attack bacteria, allergens, and parasites
reside in tissue
types of agranulocytes
monocytes
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
monocyte appearance
large horseshoe-shaped nucleus
monocyte function
highly phagocytic
mature into macrophages
activate adaptive immune response
dendritic cell appearance
ruffled membrane with long cytoplasmic extensions
dendritic cell function
highly phagocytic
activate adaptive immune response
lymphocyte appearance
small cells with large rounded nucleus
lymphocyte subcategories
NK cells
B cells
T cells
NK cell function
innate immunity
B and T cell function (general)
adaptive immunity
what percent of leukocytes are neutrophils
40-70%
another name for neutrophils
first responders
what are in granules
AMPs
destructive enzymes
pro-inflammatory enzyme
“respiratory burst”
what is phagocytosis
digest bacteria