Menstruation (Start with what we know and love :/)

Question 1

4 main hormones?

Answer 1

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 2

Where does FSH come from?

Answer 2

Anterior pituitary

Question 3

Where does LH come from?

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary

Question 4

Where does oestrogen come from?

Answer 4

Follicles in ovaries and corpus luteum

Question 5

Where does progesterone come from?

Answer 5

Corpus luteum

Question 6

Other hormones presnet?

Answer 6

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH)

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

Question 7

Where does GRH come from?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

Where does Human Chorionic gonadotrophin come from?

Answer 8

Embryo

Question 9

2 phases of menstruation?

Answer 9

Follicular phase (ovum in follicle) 
Luteal phase

Question 10

When is follicular phase?

Answer 10

Approx first 14 days but variable

Question 11

When is luteal phase?

Answer 11

14 days before period

Question 12

What surround oocytes and what does it form?

Answer 12

Granulosa cells
To form
Follicles

Question 13

What stages of development do follicles go through in the ovary?

Answer 13

• Primordial follicles
• Primary follicles
• Secondary follicles
• Antral follicles

Question 14

What happens in follicular phase?

Answer 14

-One follicle develops further than others and becomes dominant follicle
LH spikes just before ovulation, causing dom follicle yo release ovum from ovary

Question 15

What do granulosa cells surrounding follicles secrete?

Answer 15

Oestrogen, having -ve FB effect on pituitary gland, reducing quantity of LH and FSH produced

Question 16

What happens after ovulation?

Answer 16

-Follicle which releases ovum collapses and becomes corpus luteum

Question 17

What does corpus luteum do?

Answer 17

Secretes high levels of progesterone, maintaining endometrial lining

Question 18

What does progesterone cause?

Answer 18

-Cervical mucus to become thick and no longer penetrable

Question 19

Fall in what causes corpus luteum to degenerate?

Answer 19

No production of hCG and it stops producing oestrogen and progesterone = menstruation

Question 20

What do stromal cells of endometrium do?

Answer 20

Release PGs (prostaglandins) which encourage the endometrium to break down and uterus to contract

Question 21

When does menstruation start?

Answer 21

Day 1 of cycle

Question 22

What secretes hCG specifcally?

Answer 22

The syncytiotrophoblast of the embryo