Cervical Cancer Flashcards
What constitutes the lower 1/3 of the uterine body?
Cervix
How many parts does the cervix have?
2 parts
- Endocervix with tall mucus secreting epithelium and
- Ectocervix with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What does CIN stand for?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
What is CIN?
The pre-invasive stage of cervical cancer where there is dysplasia, it’s asymptomatic and detectable by cervical screening
Where does the squamo-columnar junction present in pregnancy/from puberty onwards?
Vaginal surface of the external os
-This is also the area where squamous metaplasia occurs
Precursor of cervical squamous carcinoma?
CIN
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
What causes genital warts?
Low risk HPV strains 6+ 11
What type of cells indicate HPV infection?
Koilocytes
What are koilocytes?
Cells with a wrinkled pyknotic nucleus and perinuclear clearing
What is pyknosis?
The irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell
Main strains implicated in cervical cancer?
HPV 16 and 18
Precursor to adenocarcinoma?
CGIN
Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by genetics. True or False?
FALSE
Caused by high risk HPV infection
How is HPV transmitted?
Via close skin to skin contact such as genital to genital contact and anal, vaginal and oral sex
Can HPV cause other cancers aside from cervical?
Yes.
Vulval, vaginal, anal and oropharyngeal cancers
Where do most squamous carcinomas arise?
Squamo-columnar junction