HIV Flashcards
What is HIV?
RNA retrovirus
HIV-1 HIV-2
Which HIV is responsible for global epidemic?
HIV-1 M
How does HIV infect?
Infection of mucosal CD4+ cell (Langerhans and dendritic cells)
- Transport to regional lymph nodes
- Established infection within 3 days entry
- Dissemination of virus
What is CD4?
Glycoprotein found on the surface of a range of cells including:
- T helper lymphocytes
- Dendritic cells
- Macrophages
- Microglial cells
Effect of HIV on immune response?
- Reduced circulating CD4+ cells
- Reduce proliferation of CD4+ cells
- Reduction CD8+ T cell activation
- Reduction in AB class switching
- Chronic immune activation
How is HIV transmitted?
Sexual transmission
Parenteral transmission: Needles, blood, iatrogenic
Mother to child
Increased sexual transmission risk brought up by?
Ano-receptive sex
Trauma
Genital ulceration
Concurrent STI
Test for HIV?
Obtain venous sample for serology
Type of test for HIV?
- Viral RNA
- Antigen
- Antibody
- Rapid HIV tests (POCT) (Finger prick specimen or saliva)
Symptoms of HIV?
Fever Rash Myalgia Pharyngitis Headache
What is AIDs?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
What is an opportunistic infection?
Infection caused by pathogen which doesn’t normally produce disease in a heathy individual
What sort of diseases are opportunistic infections?
Pneumocystis pneumonia TB Cerebral toxoplasmosis Cytomegalovirus HIV assoc neurocognitive impairment Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy HZV HSV HPV Kaposi's sarcoma Non-hodgkins Cervical cancer
Non-AIDs ymptomatic HIV present?
- Mucosal candidaisis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Diarrhoea
- Fatigue
- Worsening psoriasis
- Lymphadenopathy
- Parotitis
- STIs/Hep B/Hep C
HIV treatment?
-Antiretroviral treatment
Repeat all CD4 counts
High active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
