meiosis ch 8 p5

Question 1

Cell division that produces reproductive cells with half as many chromosomes

Answer 1

meiosis

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction

Question 2

organism reproduce in one of two ways

Answer 2

-asexual reproduction
-sexual reproduction

Question 3

asexual reproduction :

Answer 3

-production of identical offspring by single parent
-bacteria fungi plant animalls

Question 4

sexual reproduction

Answer 4

-production of offspring by fusion of 2 reproductive cell
gamete in process called fertilization
إنتاج النسل عن طريق اندماج خليتين تكاثريتين
الأمشاج في عملية تسمى الإخصاب

aafs pring/ ga meet / fir tell i zation

off spring/gamete /fertilization/نسل /امشاج/اخصاب

Question 5

haploid versus diploid

Answer 5

haploid : cells with one set of chromosomes=meiosis
diploid : cells have 2 sets of chromosomes mitosis

In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid

Question 6

Fusion of two haploid cells creating a diploid individual

Answer 6

fertilization

Question 7

Two important outcomes of meiosis:

Answer 7

Cuts the number of chromosomes in half
Produces gametes that are genetically different
all offspring resemble each other but thery are not exactly the same

Question 8

meiosis only take place in _______

Answer 8

gonads

Question 9

meiosis begin with cell that has _________chromosome

Answer 9

46

Question 10

meiosis 1 :

Answer 10

1- homologues separation
2-chromosome number is reduced

Question 11

meiosis 2

Answer 11

separartion of sister chromatid

Question 12

meiosis 1 chracteristic :

Answer 12

1-seperation of of homologues
2- reduced of chromosome number
3-divide it into 4 phases
prophase , metaphase , anaphase , telophase

Question 13

meiosis 1 prophase :

Answer 13

1-replicated chromosome condensed
2-spindle is formed
3-nuclear membrane disintegrate
4-homologues pairs of sister chromatid come togather and cross over that cross over will generation variation

1-مكثف الكروموسوم المكرر
2- يتكون المغزل
3- تفكك الغشاء النووي
تتجمع أزواج المتماثلات الأربعة من الكروماتيدات الشقيقة وتتقاطع مع هذا التقاطع عبر تنوع جيل الإرادة

dis n tig rate , cras over =يتفكك و يعبر

dis in teg rate , cross over

Question 14

crossing over

Answer 14

1-maternal and paternal chromatid exchange genetic material
2-recombinant

Question 15

independently assortment

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

aa sort mint

assort ment

Answer 15

During Metaphase I the members of a homologous pair sort independently of each other.

أثناء الطور الاستوائي الأول، يقوم أعضاء الزوج المتماثل بالفرز بشكل مستقل عن بعضهم البعض.

Question 16

Male and female gametes are produced differently :

Answer 16

1-Female gametes are larger than male gametes

Question 17

In males, meiosis produces ____________sperm

Answer 17

4 equal sized

Question 18

In females, one large ____ is produced
___________ is not divided evenly
______ body

Answer 18

1-egg
2-Cytoplasm
3-Polar