ch 4 part 2 reviews Flashcards
Evidence for the Endosymbiosis Theory
-Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells and divide by splitting (fission).
-chloroplast and mitochondria have their on ribosome
-chloroplast mitochondria have small amount of circular DNA
-Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA are more highly related to bacterial DNA than eukaryotic DNA.
____________and ____________are similar in size to prokaryotic cells and divide by splitting (fission).
chloroplast
mitochodria
organelle may have develped or formed by ____________,_______________or _____________
endosymbiosis ,invagination
, combination of the two
Nucleus
Largest organelle
nucleus functions:
-genetic control center
-storage for hereditary material
nucleus stracture :
-nuclear membrane
-Chromatin
-nuceolus
cytoskeleton
the inner sacffolding of the cell
functions of cytoskeleton
-provide shape and support
-control intracellular traffic flow
-enable movement
Composition of the Cytoskeleton :
-microtubule
-intermediate filaments
-microfilaments
the tracks to which molecules and organelle in the cell may attach and be moved along
المسارات التي يمكن للجزيئات والعضيات الموجودة في الخلية أن تهاجمها وتحبها وحدها
microtubule
, durable rope-like system of numerous overlapping protein
give cell strength
intermediate filaments
long , solid , rod-like fibers
help with cell contraction and division
microfilaments
cilia versus flagella
cilia short whereas flagella tall
_______ can move fluid past cells, whereas _________ with whip-like moton can move the cell themselves
cilia
,flagella
Mitochondria responsible for
covert energy in the bonds of food into molecules useable by cell
adenosine triphosphate or ATP
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adenosine triphosphate
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
power house for cell :
mitochondria
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Inner and outer membranes in mitochondria :
inner membrane is highly folded
outer membrane is smooth
Lysosomes
the cell’s garbage disposal
lysosome function :
act as floating garbage disposal
for cells
digesting and recycling cellular waste
products and consumed material
Endomembrane System function :
1-produce and modify molecules to be exported to other parts of the organisms
2-breaks down toxic chemical and cellular by product
system of molecules or organelles that surround the nucleus
that product and modify biological molecules
endomembrane system
endomembrane system :
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
