ch 1 part 2 reviews

Question 1

The Scientific Method

Answer 1

Process of examination and discovery of natural phenomena
highly flexible
multistep process

Question 2

Scientific thinking is ___________

Answer 2

empirical , self correcting

Question 3

Scientific thinking is based on __________ and __________ that are rational and testable and ________

Answer 3

experience , observations , repeatable

Question 4

Scientific Method Step 1:

Answer 4

Making Observations

Question 5

hypothesis :

Answer 5

proposed explanation for an observation
Must clearly establish an alternative explanation for a phenomenon
must generate testable prediction

Question 6

there is no difference between groups or no relationship between variables or two factors

Answer 6

Null hypothesis

Question 7

What are some possible hypotheses for the question about echinacea and illness?

Answer 7

Hypothesis:
Echinacea reduces the likelihood of catching the common cold and the duration of the symptoms of a cold.
As a null hypothesis:
Echinacea has no effect on the likelihood of catching the common cold or the duration of the symptoms of a cold.

Question 8

step 3

Answer 8

Make Testable Predictions

Question 9

step 3 or make testable prediction will ?

Answer 9

Propose a situation that will give one outcome if the hypothesis is true and
a different outcome if the hypothesis is not true

Question 10

Prediction based on our hypothesis about Echinacea and colds through statement : “If…then…”

Answer 10

If echinacea reduces the chances of catching a cold, then people taking echinacea will get a cold less often than people not taking it

Question 11

Scientific Method Step 4:

Answer 11

Conduct an experiment

Question 12

why step 4 is crucial :

Answer 12

to test the hypothesis
Makes it possible to determine decisively between alternative hypotheses

Question 13

Placebo

Answer 13

pill that looks identical to the treatment but contains no active ingredients