biology basic

Question 1

organelle

organ ill

organ elle

Answer 1

a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
function :

Question 2

the nuclei :

Answer 2

consist of electrically positive protons and electrically neutral neutrons.
function : which store genetic information

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

meaning : membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
function : which produce chemical energy

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

meaning : an intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell
function : which assemble proteins

Question 5

organization

Answer 5

the high degree order within an organism’s internal and external parts and its interactions with the living world

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

the smallest unit that can preform a life process

Question 7

unicellular

Answer 7

made up of one cell

Question 8

multicellular

Answer 8

made up of multiple cells

Question 9

tissues

Answer 9

groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow organ function

Question 10

biological molecules

Answer 10

chemical componds that provide physical structure and that bring about movement, energy use, and other functions

Question 11

atoms

Answer 11

the simpliest particle of an element that retains all the properties of a certain element

Question 12

homeostasis

Answer 12

the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though enviromental conditions are constantly changing.

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

the sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the enviroment

Question 14

gene

Answer 14

a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

The substance of genes

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

contain most of a cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 17

archaea

r key ya

arch aea

Question 18

cytosol

Answer 18

the solution of proteins and metabolites inside a biological cell, in which the organelles are suspended

Question 19

the differance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic :

Answer 19

The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is this: eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 20

Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells-final :

Answer 20

structure not found in plant cell= animal:
centriole
structure not found in animal cell=plant :
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole

Question 21

golgi apparatus

goal g apar ah tus

go lgi appar atus

Answer 21

جهاز جولجي
(gel-like fluid). The Golgi apparatus prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus is a cell organelle. Also called Golgi body and Golgi complex

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. The nucleus has a membrane around it, and is where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes

Question 23

plasma membrane

Answer 23

is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Question 24

What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 24

The surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not covered in ribosomes.

Question 25

Evolutionary theory of eukaryotic cell :

Answer 25

Evolutionary theory which explains the origin of eukaryotes from ancestral prokaryotes. Proposes that some organelles (Mitochondria and Chloroplasts), evolved from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed and subsequently became obligate endosymbionants
النظرية التطورية التي تشرح أصل حقيقيات النوى من بدائيات النوى الأسلافية. يقترح أن بعض العضيات (الميتوكوندريا والبلاستيدات الخضراء) تطورت من بدائيات النوى التي تعيش بحرية والتي تم ابتلاعها وأصبحت فيما بعد تعايشًا داخليًا إلزاميًا

Question 26

pathway of Endosymbiosis theory :

Answer 26

-ancestor prokaryotic
-infolding plasma membrane (nucleus forming)
-endosymbiosis(aerobic bacterium , cynobacterium)
-ancestor eukaryotic

Question 27

pathway of endosymbiosis :

Answer 27

ancestor eukaryotic : DNA , plasma membrane
ancestor prokaryotic : proficient at covering food and oxygen into energy
ancestor eukaryotic : engulf prokaryotic thereby will merge
this engulfed prokaryotic will evolved into organelles such as mitochondria where as chloroplast will develop through similar endosymbiotic parnership