case study ch 6

Question 1

What is the central dogma of biology? (What is the direction of information flow in the cell?)

Answer 1

from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein

Question 2

The 2 steps of gene expression are transcription and translation. What is the end product of each step?

Answer 2

a protein molecule

Question 3

Transcription factors

Answer 3

proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA.

Question 4

What enzyme synthesizes the RNA?

Answer 4

RNA polymerase

Question 5

What is the name of the DNA sequence where transcription begins?

Answer 5

enhancer and promoter sequences

Question 6

what are the 3 major steps involved in mRNA processing?

Answer 6

: (a) 5′-end capping, (b) splicing, and (c) 3′-end polyadenylation

Question 7

In eukaryotes where does transcription occur and where does translation occur?

Answer 7

transcription happens in the nucleus of human cells, while translation happens in the cytoso

Question 8

What is an anticodon and where is it located?

Answer 8

trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule

Question 9

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 9

helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

da code

Question 10

codon

Answer 10

sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

Question 11

RNA type and function

Answer 11